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==Summary==
{{Template: Networking_rutos_manual_firewall_rut2_rut9
 
<!------------------------DEVICE----------------------->
{{Template: webui_network_firewall_summary}}
| name    = RUT955
 
| series = RUT9
==General Settings==
<!----------------------SEPARATORS--------------------->
 
| mobile  = 1
{{Template: webui_network_firewall_general_settings}}
| dualsim = 1
 
| wifi    = 1
 
| wired  = 1
[[Image:Network firewall general general.PNG]]
}}
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Drop invalid packets</td>
      <td>yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''</td>
      <td>A “Drop” action is performed on a packet that is determined to be invalid</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Input</td>
      <td>Reject {{!}} Drop {{!}} Accept; Default: '''Accept'''</td>
      <td>Action<span class="asterisk">*</span> that is to be performed for packets that pass through the Input chain</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Output</td>
        <td>Reject {{!}} Drop {{!}} Accept; Default: '''Accept'''</td>
        <td>Action<span class="asterisk">*</span> that is to be performed for packets that pass through the Output chain</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Forward</td>
        <td>Reject {{!}} Drop {{!}} Accept; Default: '''Reject'''</td>
        <td>Action<span class="asterisk">*</span> that is to be performed for packets that pass through the Forward chain</td>
    </tr>
</table>
'''*When a packet goes through a firewall chain it is matched against all the rules of that specific chain. If no rule matches said packet, an according Action (Drop, Reject or Accept) is performed'''
 
'''Accept''' – packet gets to continue down to the next chain
 
'''Drop''' – packet is stopped and deleted
 
'''Reject''' – packet is stopped, deleted and, differently from Drop, an ICMP packet containing a message of rejection is sent to the source of the dropped packet
 
===DMZ===
----
By enabling '''DMZ''' for a specific internal host (e.g., your computer), you will expose that host and its services to the router’s WAN network (i.e. – the Internet).
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall general dmz.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source zone</td>
      <td>yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''</td>
      <td>Toggles DMZ On or Off</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>DMZ host IP address</td>
      <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Internal host to which the DMZ rule will be applied </td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
===Zone Forwarding===
----
A zone section groups one or more interfaces and serves as a source or destination for forwardings, rules and redirects. The '''Zone Forwarding''' section allows you to configure these forwardings.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall general zone.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source zone</td>
      <td><span style="background:#9DB6BA"> gre: gre tunnel </span>  |  <span style="background:#FD9589"> hotspot: </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#CEF58F"> l2tp: l2tp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#9BEAC3"> pptp: pptp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#96EBE8"> vpn: openvpn </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#D0E1EF"> wan: ppp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span></td>
      <td>The source zone from which data packets will redirected from</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Destination zones</td>
      <td><span style="background:#9DB6BA"> gre: gre tunnel </span>  |  <span style="background:#FD9589"> hotspot: </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#CEF58F"> l2tp: l2tp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#9BEAC3"> pptp: pptp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#96EBE8"> vpn: openvpn </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#D0E1EF"> wan: ppp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span></td>
      <td>The destination zone to which data packets will be redirected to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Default forwarding action</td>
        <td>Reject {{!}} Drop {{!}} Accept</td>
        <td>Action to be performed with the redirected packets</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
==Port Forwarding==
 
The '''Port Forwarding''' window is used to set up servers and services on local LAN machines. Below is an overview of Port Forwarding default rules.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall port forwarding.PNG]]
 
===New Port Forward Rule===
----
If none of the default rules suit your purposes, you can create custom rules using the '''New Port Forward Rule''' tab.
 
[[Image:Network firewall port forwarding new.PNG]]
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Name of the rule, used purely for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Protocol</td>
      <td>TCP+UDP {{!}} TCP {{!}} UDP {{!}} ICMP {{!}} -- custom --; Default: '''TCP+UDP'''</td>
      <td>Type of protocol of incoming packet</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>External port</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Traffic will be forwarded from this port on the WAN network</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Internal IP address</td>
        <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
        <td>The IP address of the internal machine that hosts some service that you want to access from the outside</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Internal port</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>The rule will redirect the traffic to this port on the internal machine</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
Once you have submitted the required information, click the '''Add''' button located in the New Port Forward Rule tab.
 
====Port Forward Rule Configuration====
----
To configure a Port Forward rule, click the '''Edit''' button located next to it. Below is a continuation of the previous New Port Forward Rule example, where we look at the configuration of the newly created rule.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall port forwarding new configuration.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''</td>
      <td>Toggles a rule ON or OFF</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>The name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Protocol</td>
        <td>TCP+UDP {{!}} TCP {{!}} UDP {{!}} ICMP {{!}} -- custom --; Default: '''TCP+UDP'''</td>
        <td>Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Source zone</td>
        <td> <span style="background:#9DB6BA"> gre: gre tunnel </span>  |  <span style="background:#FD9589"> hotspot: </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#CEF58F"> l2tp: l2tp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#9BEAC3"> pptp: pptp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#96EBE8"> vpn: openvpn </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#D0E1EF"> wan: ppp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span> ; Default: '''<span style="background:#DDDDDD"> wan: ppp </span>'''</td>
        <td>The source zone from which data packets will redirected from</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source MAC address</td>
      <td>mac; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Matches incoming traffic from these MACs only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source IP address</td>
      <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Matches incoming traffic from this IP or range of IPs only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Source port</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Matches incoming traffic originating from the given source port or port range on the client host only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>External IP address</td>
        <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Matches incoming traffic directed at the given IP address only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>External port</td>
      <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Specifies the external port, i.e., the port from which the third party is connecting </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Internal zone</td>
      <td><span style="background:#9DB6BA"> gre: gre tunnel </span>  |  <span style="background:#FD9589"> hotspot: </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#CEF58F"> l2tp: l2tp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#9BEAC3"> pptp: pptp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#96EBE8"> vpn: openvpn </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#D0E1EF"> wan: ppp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span> ; Default: '''<span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span>'''</td>
      <td>Specifies the internal zone, i.e., the zone where the incoming connection will be redirected to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Internal IP address</td>
        <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Specifies the internal IP address, i.e., the IP address to which the incoming connection will be redirected to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Internal port</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Specifies the internal port, i.e., the port to which the incoming connection will be redirected to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable NAT loopback</td>
      <td>yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''</td>
      <td>NAT loopback enables your local network (i.e., behind your router/modem) to connect to a forward-facing IP address (such as 208.112.93.73) of a machine that it also on your local network</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Extra arguments</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Passes additional arguments to iptables. '''Use with care!'''</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
==Traffic Rules==
 
The '''Traffic Rules''' page contains a more generalized rule definition. With it you can block or open ports, alter how traffic is forwarded between LAN and WAN and many other things.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall trafic rules.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-othertables">
    <tr>
        <th style="width: 250px">FIELD NAME</th>
      <th style="width: 1450px">DESCRIPTION</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>Name of the rule, used purely for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Protocol</td>
      <td>Type of protocol of incoming packet</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Source</td>
        <td>The source zone from which data packets will redirected from</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Destination</td>
        <td>Redirect matched traffic to the given IP address and destination port</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Action</td>
      <td>Action to be performed with the packet if it matches the rule</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Enable</td>
        <td>Toggles the rule ON or OFF. If unchecked, the rule will not be deleted, but it also will not be loaded into the firewall</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Sort</td>
        <td>When a packet arrives, it gets checked for a matching rule. If there are several matching rules, only the first one is applied, i.e., the order of the rule list impacts how your firewall operates, therefore you are given the ability to sort your list however you deem fit</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
===Traffic Rule Configuration===
----
To customize a Traffic Rule, click the '''Edit''' button located next to it. This way you can fine tune a rule to near perfection, if you should desire that. The figure below is an example of the "Allow-DHCP-Relay" default rule editing. All rules are configured in an identical manner but with different settings.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall trafic rules edit.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''</td>
      <td>Turns the rule ON or OFF</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>The name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Restrict to address family</td>
        <td>IPv4 and IPv6 {{!}} IPv4 only {{!}} IPv6 only; Default: '''IPv4 and IPv6'''</td>
        <td>Name of the rule, used purely for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Protocol</td>
        <td>TCP+UDP {{!}} TCP {{!}} UDP {{!}} ICMP {{!}} -- custom --; Default: '''TCP+UDP'''</td>
        <td>Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source zone</td>
      <td><span style="background:#9DB6BA"> gre: gre tunnel </span>  | <span style="background:#FD9589"> hotspot: </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#CEF58F"> l2tp: l2tp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#9BEAC3"> pptp: pptp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#96EBE8"> vpn: openvpn </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#D0E1EF"> wan: ppp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span> ; Default: '''<span style="background:#DDDDDD"> wan: ppp </span>'''</td>
      <td>Specifies the external zone, i.e., the zone from which the third party connection will come</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source MAC address</td>
      <td>mac; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Specifies the mac address of the external host, i.e., the rule will apply only to hosts that have the MAC addresses specified in this field <br> </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Source IP address</td>
        <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Specifies the IP address or range of IPs of the external host, i.e., the rule will apply only to hosts that have the IP addresses specified in this field</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Source port</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Specifies the port or range of ports that the external host host will using as their source, i.e., the rule will apply only to hosts that use source ports specified in this field</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>External IP address</td>
      <td>ip {{!}} ip/netmask {{!}} ANY; Default: '''ANY'''</td>
      <td>Specifies the external IP address or range of external IPs of the local host, i.e., the rule will apply only to the external IP addresses specified in this field</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>External port</td>
      <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Specifies the external port, i.e., the port from which the third party is connecting</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Destination zone</td>
        <td><span style="background:#9DB6BA"> gre: gre tunnel </span>  |  <span style="background:#FD9589"> hotspot: </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#CEF58F"> l2tp: l2tp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#9BEAC3"> pptp: pptp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#96EBE8"> vpn: openvpn </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#D0E1EF"> wan: ppp </span>  {{!}}  <span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span> ; Default: '''<span style="background:#DDDDDD"> lan: lan </span>'''</td>
        <td>Match forwarded traffic to the given destination zone only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Destination address</td>
        <td>ip; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Match forwarded traffic to the given destination IP address or IP range only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Destination port</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Match forwarded traffic to the given destination port or port range only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Action</td>
      <td>Drop {{!}} Accept {{!}} Reject {{!}} Don't track; Default: '''no'''</td>
      <td>Action to be taken on the packet if it matches the rule. You can also define additional options like limiting packet volume, and defining to which chain the rule belongs.<br>
 
'''Don't track''' - connections with the specified parameters will not be monitored by the Firewall, i.e., no other Firewall rules will be applied to the specified configuration </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Extra arguments</td>
        <td>string; Default: " "</td>
        <td>Adds extra options (specified in this field) to the rule</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
===Open Ports On Router===
----
'''Open Ports On Router''' rules can open certain ports and redirect hosts connecting to the router from specified zones to specified ports.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall trafic rules open.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>NAME</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>The name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes. The NAME field auto-filled when port numbers are specified, unless the NAME was specified beforehand by the user</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>PROTOCOL</td>
      <td>TCP+UDP {{!}} TCP {{!}} UDP {{!}} Other; Default: '''TCP+UDP'''</td>
      <td>Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>EXTERNAL PORT</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535] {{!}} range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535]; Default: " " </td>
        <td>Specifies which port should be opened</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
===New Forward Rule===
----
'''New Forward Rules''' lets you create custom zone forwarding rules
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall trafic rules new.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Name of the rule, used purely for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Source</td>
      <td>GRE {{!}} HOTSPOT {{!}} L2TP {{!}} LAN {{!}} PPTP {{!}} VPN {{!}} WAN; Default: '''LAN'''</td>
      <td>Match incoming traffic from selected address family only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Destination</td>
        <td>GRE {{!}} HOTSPOT {{!}} L2TP {{!}} LAN {{!}} PPTP {{!}} VPN {{!}} WAN; Default: '''WAN'''</td>
        <td>Forward incoming traffic to selected address family only</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
===Source NAT===
----
'''Source NAT''' is a specific form of masquerading which allows fine grained control over the source IP used for outgoing traffic, for example to map multiple WAN addresses to internal subnets.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall trafic rules snat.PNG]]
 
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>field name</th>
      <th>value</th>
      <th>description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string; Default: " "</td>
      <td>Name of the rule, used purely for easier management purposes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Protocol</td>
      <td>TCP+UDP {{!}} TCP {{!}} UDP {{!}} Other...; Default: '''TCP+UDP'''</td>
      <td>Protocol of the packet that is being matched against traffic rules</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Source</td>
        <td>GRE {{!}} HOTSPOT {{!}} L2TP {{!}} LAN {{!}} PPTP {{!}} VPN {{!}} WAN; Default: '''LAN'''</td>
        <td>Match incoming traffic from selected address family only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Destination</td>
        <td>GRE {{!}} HOTSPOT {{!}} L2TP {{!}} LAN {{!}} PPTP {{!}} VPN {{!}} WAN; Default: '''LAN'''</td>
        <td>Forward incoming traffic to selected address family only</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>SNAT</td>
        <td>ip and port [0..65535]; Default: " "</td>
        <td>SNAT (Source Network Address Translation) rewrites packet's source IP address and port</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Enable</td>
        <td>yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''</td>
        <td>Toggles the rule ON or OFF</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
==Custom Rules==
 
The Custom Rules page provides ultimate freedom in defining your own rules – you can enter them straight into the '''iptables''' program. Just type a rule into the text field ant it will get executed as a Linux shell script. If you are unsure of how to use iptables, we advise that you consult with an expert or check the Internet for manuals, examples and explanations.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall custom rules.PNG]]
 
==DDOS Prevention==
 
The '''DDOS Prevention''' page allows you to set up protections from various types of DDOS attacks. You will find information on all of these methods bellow.
 
===SYN Flood Protection===
----
'''SYN Flood Protection''' allows you to protect yourself from attacks that exploit part of the normal TCP three-way handshake to consume resources on the targeted server and render it unresponsive. Essentially, with SYN flood DDOS, the offender sends TCP connection requests faster than the targeted machine can process them, causing network over-saturation.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall ddos syn.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable SYN flood protection
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles the rule ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | SYN flood rate
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''25'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Set rate limit (packets per second) for SYN packets above which the traffic is considered flooded
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | SYN flood burst
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''50'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Set rate limit (packets per second) for SYN packets above which the traffic is considered flooded
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | TCP SYN cookies
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable the use of SYN cookies (particular choices of initial TCP sequence numbers by TCP servers)
|-
|}
 
===Remote ICMP Requests===
----
Some attackers use '''ICMP echo''' request packets directed to IP broadcast addresses from remote locations to generate denial-of-service attacks. You can set up some custom restrictions to help protect your router from ICMP bursts.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall ddos icmp.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable ICMP requests
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles the rule ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable ICMP requests
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles ICMP echo-request limit in selected period ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit period
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Second {{!}} Minute {{!}} Hour {{!}} Day; Default: '''Second'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Select ICMP echo-request period limit
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Maximum ICMP echo-request number during the period
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit burst
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''5'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Indicate the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in
|-
|}
 
===SSH Attack Prevention===
----
Prevent SSH (allows a user to run commands on a machine's command prompt without them being physically present near the machine) attacks by limiting connections in a defined period.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall ddos ssh.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable SSH limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles the rule ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit period
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Second {{!}} Minute {{!}} Hour {{!}} Day; Default: '''Second'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | The period in which SSH connections are to be limited
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Maximum SSH connections during the set period
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit burst
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''5'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Indicate the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in
|-
|}
 
===HTTP Attack Prevention===
----
An HTTP attack sends a complete, legitimate HTTP header, which includes a 'Content-Length' field to specify the size of the message body to follow. However, the attacker then proceeds to send the actual message body at an extremely slow rate (e.g. 1 byte/100 seconds.) Due to the entire message being correct and complete, the target server will attempt to obey the 'Content-Length' field in the header, and wait for the entire body of the message to be transmitted, hence slowing it down.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall ddos hhtp.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable HTTP limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles the rule ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit period
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Second {{!}} Minute {{!}} Hour {{!}} Day; Default: '''Second'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | The period in which HTTP connections are to be limited
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Maximum HTTP connections during the set period
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit burst
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Indicate the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in
|-
|}
 
===HTTPS Attack Prevention===
----
This section allows you to enable protection against '''HTTPS''' attacks, also known as '''man-in-the-middle attacks''' ('''MITM''').
 
In cryptography and computer security, a man-in-the-middle attack (MITM) is an attack where the perpetrator secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. One example of man-in-the-middle attacks is active eavesdropping, in which the attacker makes independent connections with the victims and relays messages between them to make them believe they are talking directly to each other over a private connection, when in fact the entire conversation is controlled by the attacker.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall ddos hhtps.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable HTTPS limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles the rule ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit period
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Second {{!}} Minute {{!}} Hour {{!}} Day; Default: '''Second'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | The period in which HTTPS connections are to be limited
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Maximum HTTPS connections during the set period
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Limit burst
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Indicate the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in
|-
|}
 
==Port Scan Prevention==
 
Port scan attacks scan which of the targeted host's ports are open. Network ports are the entry points to a machine that is connected to the Internet. A service that listens on a port is able to receive data from a client application, process it and send a response back. Malicious clients can sometimes exploit vulnerabilities in the server code so they gain access to sensitive data or execute malicious code on the machine remotely.
 
===Port Scan===
----
Port scanning is usually done in the initial phase of a penetration test in order to discover all network entry points into the target system. The Port Scan section provides you with the possibility to enable protection against port scanning software.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall port scan.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Enable
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles the function ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Interval
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer [10..60]; Default: '''30'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Time interval in seconds in which port scans are counted
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Scan count
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | integer [5..65534]; Default: '''10'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | How many port scans before blocked
|-
|}
 
===Defending Type===
----
The Defending Type section provides the possibility for the user to enable protections from certain types of online attacks. These include '''SYN-FIN''', '''SYN-RST''', '''X-Mas''', '''FIN scan''' and '''NULLflags''' attacks.
 
 
[[Image:Network firewall port scan def.PNG]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | SYN-FIN attack
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles protection from SYN-FIN attacks ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | SYN-RST attack
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles protection from SYN-RST attacks ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | X-Mas attack
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles protection from X-Mas attacks ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | FIN scan
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles protection from FIN scan attacks ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | NULLflags attack
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles protection from NULLflags attacks ON or OFF
|-
|}
 
==Helpers==
 
The '''NAT Helpers''' section provides you the option to add firewall exceptions for some VoIP protocols, namely SIP and H.323. In other words, these functions provide a pass-through for VoIP communications between the router's LAN and WAN.
 
'''Technical explanation:'''
 
FTP, SIP and H.323 protocols are harder to filter by firewalls since they violate layering by introducing OSI layer 3/4 parameters in the OSI layer 7.
NAT helpers are modules that are able to assist the firewall in tracking these protocols. These helpers create the so-called expectations that can be used to open necessary ports for RELATED connections. For example: FTP, GRE and PPTP helpers are enabled by default.
 
 
[[File:Network firewall helpers.png]]
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | FIELD NAME
! style="width: 250px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | VALUE
! style="width: 579px; border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #0054A6; background: white; color: #0054A6; text-align: left;" | DESCRIPTION
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | H323
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles H323 filtering ON or OFF
|-
! style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | SIP
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="border: 1px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid #E8E8E8; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background: white;" | Toggles SIP filtering ON or OFF
|-
|}

Latest revision as of 10:49, 9 April 2024

Main Page > EOL Products > RUT955 > RUT955 Manual > RUT955 WebUI > RUT955 Network section > RUT955 Firewall

The information in this page is updated in accordance with firmware version RUT9_R_00.07.06.16.
Note: click here for the old style WebUI (FW version RUT9XX_R_00.06.09.5 and earlier) user manual page.

Summary

RUT955 devices use a standard Linux iptables package as its firewall, which uses routing chains and policies to facilitate control over inbound and outbound traffic.

This chapter of the user manual provides an overview of the Firewall page for RUT955 devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

General Settings

The General Settings section is used to configure the main policies of the device's firewall. The figure below is an example of the General Settings section and the table below provides information on the fields contained in that section:

Field Value Description
Drop invalid packets off | on; default: off If enabled, a "Drop" action will be performed on packets that are determined to be invalid.
Automatic helper assignment off | on; default: on Automatically assigns conntrack helpers based on traffic protocol and port. If turned off, conntrack helpers can be selected for each zone.
Input Reject | Drop | Accept; default: Reject Default action* of the INPUT chain if a packet does not match any existing rule on that chain.
Output Reject | Drop | Accept; default: Accept Default action* of the OUTPUT chain if a packet does not match any existing rule on that chain.
Forward Reject | Drop | Accept; default: Reject Default action* of the FORWARD chain if a packet does not match any existing rule on that chain.

* When a packet goes through a firewall chain it is matched against all the rules of that specific chain. If no rule matches said packet, an according Action (Drop, Reject or Accept) is performed:

  • Accept – packet gets to continue to the next chain.
  • Drop – packet is stopped and deleted.
  • Reject – packet is stopped, deleted and, differently from Drop, a message of rejection is sent to the source from which the packet came.

Routing/NAT Offloading

The Routing/NAT Offloading is used to turns software flow offloading on or off.

The device checks whether the flow (sequence of related packets) is of a received a packed is known. Packets of unknown flow are forwarded to the networking stack. Meanwhile, if the flow is known, NAT is applied (if matched) and the packet is forwarded to the correct destination port. This process is called software flow offloading.

Field Value Description
Software flow offloading off | on; default: on Turns software flow offloading on or off.

Zones

The Zones section is used to manage default traffic forwarding policies between different device zones. The figure below is an example of the Zones section and the table below provides information on the fields contained in that section:

You can change a zone's settings from this page by interacting with entries in the zones table. For a more in-depth configuration click the edit button next to a zone:

Zones: General Settings

Field Value Description
Name string; default: newzone A custom name for the zone. Used for easier management purposes.
Input Reject | Drop | Accept; default: Accept Default policy for traffic entering the zone.
Output Reject | Drop | Accept; default: Accept Default policy for traffic originating from and leaving the zone.
Forward Reject | Drop | Accept; default: Reject Default policy for traffic forwarded between the networks belonging to the zone.
Masquerading off | on; default: off Turns Masquerading off or on. MASQUERADE is an iptables target that can be used instead of the SNAT (source NAT) target when the external IP of the network interface is not known at the moment of writing the rule (when the interface gets the external IP dynamically).
MSS clamping off | on; default: off Turns MSS clamping off or on. MSS clamping is a workaround used to change the maximum segment size (MSS) of all TCP connections passing through links with an MTU lower than the Ethernet default of 1500.
Covered networks network interface(s); default: none Network or networks that belong to the zone.

Zones: Advanced Settings

Field Value Description
Restrict to address family IPv4 and IPv6 | IPv4 only | IPv6 only; default: IPv4 and IPv6 IP address family to which to rule will apply.
Restrict Masquerading to given source subnets network/subnet; default: none Applies Masquerading only to the specified source network/subnet.
Restrict Masquerading to given destinations subnets network/subnet; default: none Applies Masquerading only to the specified destination network/subnet.
Force connection tracking off | on; default: off Always maintains connection state (NEW, ESTABLISHED, RELATED) information.
Enable logging on this zone off | on; default: off Logs packets that hit this rule.
Limit log messages integer/minute; default: none Limit how many messages can be logged in the span of 1 minute. For example, to log 50 packets per minute use: 50/minute.
Conntrack helpers Amanda backup and archiving proto (AMANDA) | FTP passive connection tracking (FTP) | RAS proto tracking (RAS) | Q.931 proto tracking (Q.931) | IRC DCC connection tracking (IRC) | NetBIOS name service broadcast tracking (NETBIOS-NS) | PPTP VPN connection tracking (PPTP) | SIP VoIP connection tracking (SIP) | SNMP monitoring connection tracking (SNMP) | TFTP connection tracking (TFTP); default: none This option appears only when automatic helper assignment option in the firewall's general settings is disabled. Explicitly choses allowed connection tracking helpers for zone traffic.

Zones: Inter-zone Forwarding

The Inter-zone forwarding options control the forwarding policies between the currently edited zone and other zones.

Field Value Description
Allow forward to destination zones zone(s); default: none Allows forward traffic to specified destination zones. Destination zones cover forwarded traffic originating from this source zone.
Allow forward from source zones zone(s); default: none Allows forward traffic to specified source zones. Source zones match forwarded traffic originating from other zones that is targeted at this zone.

Port Forwards

Port forwarding is a way of redirecting an incoming connection to another IP address, port or the combination of both:

The Port forwards table displays configured port forwarding rules currently configured on the device.

Add New Port Forward

The Add New Port Forward section is used to quickly add additional port forwarding rules. The figure below is an example of the Add New Port Forward section and the table below provides information on the fields contained in that section:

Field Value Description
Name string; default: none Name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes.
External port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none The port number to which hosts will be connecting.
Internal IP address ip; default: none The IP address to which the incoming connection will be redirected.
Internal port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none The port number to which the incoming connection will be redirected.

Port Forwards Configuration

While the New port forward section provides the possibility to add port forwarding rules fast, it does not contain all possible configuration options to customize a rule. In order to create a more complicated rule, add one using the New port forward section and click the edit button next to it:

You will be redirected to that rule's configuration general settings page:

Field Value Description
Enable off | on ; default: on Turns the rule on or off
Name string; default: none Name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes.
Protocol TCP | UDP | ICMP | All | +Add new; default: TCP+UDP Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply.
Source zone firewall zone name; default: wan The zone to which the third party will be connecting. (Same thing as "External zone" in the New port forward section.)
External port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Port number(s) to which hosts will be connecting.
The rule will apply only to hosts that connect to the port number(s) specified in this field. Leave empty to make the rule skip external port matching.
Internal zone firewall zone name; default: lan The zone to which the incoming connection will be redirected.
Internal IP address Device LAN IP; default: Device LAN IP The IP address to which the incoming connection will be redirected.
Internal port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none The port number to which the incoming connection will be redirected.

Advanced settings:

Field Value Description
Source MAC address mac; default: none MAC address of connecting hosts.
The rule will apply only to hosts that match MAC addresses specified in this field. Leave empty to make the rule skip MAC address matching.
Source IP address ip | ip/netmask; default: any IP address or network segment used by connecting hosts.
The rule will apply only to hosts that connect from IP addresses specified in this field.
To specify a network segment instead of one IP address, add a forward slash followed by the netmask length after the network indication (for example, 10.0.0.0/8).
Source port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Port number(s) used by the connecting host.
The rule will match the source port used by the connecting host with the port number(s) specified in this field. Leave empty to make the rule skip source port matching.
External IP address ip | ip/netmask; default: any IP address or network segment to which hosts will be connecting.
The rule will apply only to hosts that connect to IP addresses specified in this field.
To specify a subnet instead of one IP, add a forward slash followed by the netmask length after the network indication (for example, 10.0.0.0/8).
Enable NAT loopback off | on ; default: on NAT loopback a.k.a. NAT reflection a.k.a. NAT hairpinning is a method of accessing an internal server using a public IP. NAT loopback enables your local network (i.e., behind your NAT device) to connect to a forward-facing IP address of a machine that it also on your local network.
Extra arguments string; default: none Adds extra iptables options to the rule.

Traffic Rules

The Traffic rules tab is used to set firewall rules that filter traffic moving through the device. The figure below is an example of the Traffic rules table:

Traffic Rule Configuration

In order to begin editing a traffic rule, click the edit button next to it:

You will be redirected to that rule's configuration page:

General settings

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default on Turns the rule on or off.
Name string; default none Name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes.
Protocol TCP | UDP | All | +Add new |ICMP; default: depends on the rule Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply.
Match ICMP type Any | ICMP-type | + Add new; default: none Allows matching specific ICMP types.
Source zone firewall zone name; default: wan The zone to which the third party will be connecting.
Source IP address ip | ip/netmask; default: any IP address or network segment used by connecting hosts.
The rule will apply only to hosts that connect from IP addresses specified in this field.
To specify a network segment instead of one IP address, add a forward slash followed by the netmask length after the network indication (for example, 10.0.0.0/8).
Source port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Port number(s) used by the connecting host.
The rule will match the source port used by the connecting host with the port number(s) specified in this field. Leave empty to make the rule skip source port matching. Port negation using is also available, for ex. !1.
Destination zone firewall zone; default: Device (input) Target zone of the incoming connection.
Destination address ip | ip/netmask; default: any Tagert IP address or network segment of the incoming connection.
Destination port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Tagert port or range of ports of the incoming connection. Port negation using is also available, for ex. !1.
Action Drop | Accept | Reject | Don't track | DSCP | Mark; default: Accept Action that is to be taken when a packet matches the conditions of the rule.
  • Drop – packet is stopped and deleted.
  • Accept – packet gets to continue to the next chain.
  • Reject – packet is stopped, deleted and, differently from Drop, an ICMP packet containing a message of rejection is sent to the source from which the dropped packet came.
  • Don't track – packet is no longer tracked as it moves forward.
  • DSCP – packet is marked with specified DiffServ Code Point value.
  • Mark – packet is marked with specified firewall mark..

Advanced settings

Restrict to address family IPv4 and IPv6 | IPv4 only | IPv6 only; default: IPv4 and IPv6 IP address family to which the rule will apply to.
Source MAC address mac; default: none MAC address(es) of connecting hosts.
The rule will apply only to hosts that match MAC addresses specified in this field. Leave empty to make the rule skip MAC address matching.
DSCP: Set Target value Default | DSCP values; default: Default If specified, target traffic against the given firewall DSCP value.
Mark: Set Target value hex; default: none If specified, target traffic against the given firewall mark, e.g. FF or ff to target mark 255.
Match DSCP | Mark; default: none Match traffic against the given DSCP value or firewall mark
DSCP: Set Match value Default | DSCP values; default: Default Match traffic against the given firewall DSCP value.
Mark: Set Match value hex; default: none If specified, match traffic against the given firewall mark, e.g. FF or ff to match mark 255.
Extra arguments string; default: none Adds extra .iptables options to the rule.

Time restrictions

Week days days of the week [Monday..Sunday]; default: none Specifies on which days of the week the rule is valid.
Month days days of the month [1..31]; default: none Specifies on which days of the month the rule is valid.
Start Time (hh:mm:ss) time [0..23:0..59:0..59]; default: none Indicates the beginning of the time period during which the rule is valid.
Stop Time (hh:mm:ss) time [0..23:0..59:0..59]; default: none Indicates the end of the time period during which the rule is valid.
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) date [0000..9999:1..12:1..31]; default: none Indicates the first day of the date of the period during which the rule is valid.
Stop Date (yyyy-mm-dd) date [0000..9999:1..12:1..31]; default: none Indicates the last day of the date of the period during which the rule is valid.
Time in UTC off | on; default: no Specifies whether the device should use UTC time. If this is disabled, the time zone specified in the System → Administration → NTP page will be used.

Open Ports on Router

In the Add new instance section, select Open ports on router. This provides a quick way to set simple rules that allow traffic on specified ports of the device. The figure below is an example of the Open ports on device section and the table below provides information on the fields contained in that section:

Field Value Description
Name string; default: none The name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes.
The name field is filled automatically when port numbers are specified, unless the name was specified beforehand by the user.
Protocol TCP | UDP | ICMP | All | +Add new; default: none Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply.
External port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Specifies which port(s) should be opened.

Add New Forward Rule

In the Add new instance section, select Add new forward rule. This is used to create firewall rules that control traffic on the FORWARD chain. The figure below is an example of the Add New Forward Rule section and the table below provides information on the fields contained in that section:

Field Value Description
Name string; default: none The name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes.
Source zone firewall zone; default: wan The zone from which traffic has originated.
Destination zone firewall zone; default: lan The zone to which traffic will be forwarded to.
Add - (interactive button) Creates the rule and redirects you to the rule's configuration page

NAT Rules

Network address translation (NAT) is method of modifying the source/destination address and/or port information in a packet's IP header.

Source NAT

Source NAT (SNAT) is a form of masquerading used to change a packet's source address and/or port number to a static, user-defined value. SNAT is performed in the POSTROUTING chain, just before a packet leaves the device.

The Source NAT section displays currently existing SNAT rules.

Add New Source NAT

The Add New Source NAT section is used to create new source NAT rules.

Field Value Description
Name string; default: none The name of the rule. Used only for easier management purposes.
Source zone firewall zone; default: lan Matches traffic originated from the specified zone.
Destination Zone firewall zone; default: wan Matches traffic destined for the specified zone.
To source IP ip | do not rewrite; default: none Changes the source IP address in the packet header to the value specified in this field.
To Source Port integer [0..65335] | port inversion [!0..!65535] | do not rewrite; default: none Changes the source port in the packet header to the value specified in this field.
Add - (interactive button) Creates the rule in accordance with the given parameter and redirects you to the rule's configuration page.

Source NAT Configuration

In order to begin editing a traffic rule, click the edit button next to it:

You will be redirected to that rule's configuration page:

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default on Turns the rule on or off.
Name string; default none Name of the rule. This is used for easier management purposes.
Protocol TCP | UDP | ICMP | +Add new; default: All protocols Specifies to which protocols the rule should apply.
Source zone firewall zone; default: lan Matches traffic originated from the specified zone.
Source IP address ip | ip/netmask; default: Any Mathes traffic originated from specified IP address or network segment.
Source port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Mathes traffic originated from specified port number.
Destination zone firewall zone; default: wan Matches traffic destined for the specified zone.
Destination IP address ip | ip/netmask; default: any Matches traffic destined for the specified IP address or network segment.
Destination port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: none Matches traffic destined for the specified port number.
Rewrite port integer [0..65535] | range of integers [0..65534] - [1..65535] | port inversion [!0..!65535]; default: No rewrite Rewrite matched traffic to the given source port.
Field Value Description
Extra arguments string; default: none Adds extra .iptables options to the rule.
Field Value Description
Week days days of the week [Monday..Sunday]; default: none Specifies on which days of the week the rule is valid.
Month days days of the month [1..31]; default: none Specifies on which days of the month the rule is valid.
Start Time (hh:mm:ss) time [0..23:0..59:0..59]; default: none Indicates the beginning of the time period during which the rule is valid.
Stop Time (hh:mm:ss) time [0..23:0..59:0..59]; default: none Indicates the end of the time period during which the rule is valid.
Start Date (yyyy-mm-dd) date [0000..9999:1..12:1..31]; default: none Indicates the first day of the date of the period during which the rule is valid.
Stop Date (yyyy-mm-dd) date [0000..9999:1..12:1..31]; default: none Indicates the last day of the date of the period during which the rule is valid.
Time in UTC off | on; default: no Specifies whether the device should use UTC time. If this is disabled, the time zone specified in the System → Administration → NTP page will be used.

Attack Prevention

The Attack Prevention menu tab provides the possibility to configure protections against certain types of online attacks.

SYN Flood Protection

SYN Flood Protection allows you to protect yourself from attacks that exploit part of the normal TCP three-way handshake to consume resources on the targeted server and render it unresponsive. Essentially, with SYN flood DDOS, the offender sends TCP connection requests faster than the targeted machine can process them, causing network over-saturation.

Field Value Description
Enable SYN flood protection off | on; default: on Turns the rule on or off.
SYN flood rate integer; default: 5 Set rate limit (packets per second) for SYN packets above which the traffic is considered flooded
SYN flood burst integer; default: 10 Sets burst limit for SYN packets above which the traffic is considered flooded if it exceeds the allowed rate
TCP SYN cookies off | on; default: on Enables the use of SYN cookies (particular choices of initial TCP sequence numbers by TCP servers)

Remote ICMP Requests

Some attackers use ICMP echo request packets directed to IP broadcast addresses from remote locations to generate denial-of-service attacks. You can set up some custom restrictions to help protect your router from ICMP bursts.

Field Value Description
Enable ICMP requests off | on; default: on Turns the rule on or off.
Enable ICMP limit off | on; default: off Turns ICMP echo-request limit in selected period on or off.
Limit period Second | Minute | Hour | Day; default: Second Period length for matching the conditions of the rule.
Limit integer; default: 5 Maximum ICMP echo-request number during the period.
Limit burst integer; default: 10 Indicates the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in.

SSH Attack Prevention

This protection prevent SSH attacks by limiting connections in a defined period.

Field Value Description
Enable SSH limit off | on; default: off Turns the rule on or off.
Limit period Second | Minute | Hour | Day; default: Second Period length for matching the conditions of the rule.
Limit integer [1..10000]; default: none Maximum SSH connections during the set period
Limit burst integer [1..10000]; default: none Indicates the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in.

HTTP Attack Prevention

An HTTP attack sends a complete, legitimate HTTP header, which includes a 'Content-Length' field to specify the size of the message body to follow. However, the attacker then proceeds to send the actual message body at an extremely slow rate (e.g. 1 byte/100 seconds.) Due to the entire message being correct and complete, the target server will attempt to obey the 'Content-Length' field in the header, and wait for the entire body of the message to be transmitted, hence slowing it down.

Field Value Description
Enable HTTP limit off | on; default: off Turns the rule on or off.
Limit period Second | Minute | Hour | Day; default: Second Period length for matching the conditions of the rule.
Limit integer [1..10000]; default: none Maximum HTTP connections during the set period.
Limit burst integer [1..10000]; default: none Indicates the maximum burst before the above limit kicks in.

HTTPS Attack Prevention

This section allows you to enable protection against HTTPS attacks, also known as "man-in-the-middle" attacks (MITM).

In cryptography and computer security, a man-in-the-middle attack (MITM) is an attack where the perpetrator secretly relays and possibly alters the communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other. One example of man-in-the-middle attacks is active eavesdropping, in which the attacker makes independent connections with the victims and relays messages between them to make them believe they are talking directly to each other over a private connection, when in fact the entire conversation is controlled by the attacker.

Field Value Description
Enable HTTPS limit off | on; default: off Turns the rule on or off.
Limit period Second | Minute | Hour | Day; default: Second Period length for matching the conditions of the rule.
Limit integer [1..10000]; default: none Maximum HTTPS connections during the set period.
Limit burst integer [1..10000]; default: none Indicates the maximum burst number before the above limit kicks in.

Port Scan

Port Scan attacks scan which of the targeted host's ports are open. Network ports are the entry points to a machine that is connected to the Internet. A service that listens on a port is able to receive data from a client application, process it and send a response back. Malicious clients can sometimes exploit vulnerabilities in the server code so they gain access to sensitive data or execute malicious code on the machine remotely. Port scanning is usually done in the initial phase of a penetration test in order to discover all network entry points into the target system. The Port Scan section provides you with the possibility to enable protection against port scanning software. The Defending Type section provides the possibility for the user to enable protections from certain types of online attacks. These include SYN-FIN, SYN-RST, X-Mas, FIN scan and NULLflags attacks.

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default: off Turns the function on or off.
Scan count integer [5..10000]; default: none How many port scans before blocked.
Interval integer [10..4096]; default: none Time interval in seconds in which port scans are counted.
SYN-FIN attack off | on; default: off Turns protection from SYN-FIN attacks on or off.
SYN-RST attack off | on; default: off Turns protection from SYN-RST attacks on or off.
X-Mas attack off | on; default: off Turns protection from X-Mas attacks on or off.
FIN scan off | on; default: off Turns protection from FIN scan attacks on or off.
NULLflags attack off | on; default: off Turns protection from NULLflags attacks on or off.

Custom Rules

The Custom rules tab provides you with the possibility to execute iptables commands which are not otherwise covered by the device's firewall framework. The commands are executed after each firewall restart, right after the default rule set has been loaded.

Note: Custom rules are not recommended to be used with hostnames. The rules will not remain active after reboot due to security reasons.

The figure below is an example of the Custom rules tab:

The rules added here are saved in the /etc/firewall.user file. Feel free to edit that file instead for the same effect in case you don't have access to the device's WebUI.

The Save button restarts the firewall service. Thus, adding the custom rules specified in this section to the device's list of firewall rules.

The Reset button resets the custom rules field to its default state.

DMZ

The DMZ is a security concept. It comprises the separation of the LAN-side network into at least two networks: the user LAN and the DMZ. Generally the DMZ is imprisoned: only access to certain ports from the Internet are allowed into the DMZ, while the DMZ is not allowed to establish new connections to the WAN-side or LAN-side networks. That way, if a server inside of the DMZ is hacked the potential damage that can be done remains restricted! The whole point of the DMZ is to cleanly create a unique firewall rule set that dramatically restricts access in to, and out of the, DMZ.

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default: off Enables the DMZ configuration.
Host IP ipv4; default: none Specifies the IP address of the DMZ host.
Protocol All | TCP | UDP | ICMP; default: None Specifies for which protocols the DMZ will be used.
Ports 0..65535 | port range | port negation; default: none Match incoming traffic directed at the given destination port or port range on DMZ host IP.
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