Template:Networking rutos manual routing: Difference between revisions

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{{Template: Networking_rutos_manual_fw_disclosure
{{Template: Networking_device_manual_fw_disclosure
| fw_version ={{Template: Networking_rutos_manual_latest_fw
| series = {{{series}}}
| name  = {{{name}}}
| fw_version ={{Template: Networking_device_manual_latest_fw
  | series = {{{series}}}
  | series = {{{series}}}
  | name  = {{{name}}}
  | name  = {{{name}}}
  }}
  }}
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{{#ifeq: {{{series}}} | RUT9 |<br><i><b>Note</b>: <b>[[{{{name}}} Routing (legacy WebUI)|click here]]</b> for the old style WebUI (FW version {{Template: Networking_rutos_manual_latest_fw | series = RUT9XX}} and earlier) user manual page.</i>|}}
{{#ifeq: {{{series}}} | RUT9 |<br><i><b>Note</b>: <b>[[{{{name}}} Routing (legacy WebUI)|click here]]</b> for the old style WebUI (FW version {{Template: Networking_device_manual_latest_fw | series = RUT9XX}} and earlier) user manual page.</i>|}}
{{#ifeq: {{{series}}} | RUT2 |<br><i><b>Note</b>: <b>[[{{{name}}} Routing (legacy WebUI)|click here]]</b> for the old style WebUI (FW version {{Template: Networking_rutos_manual_latest_fw | series = RUT2XX}} and earlier) user manual page.</i>|}}
{{#ifeq: {{{series}}} | RUT2 |<br><i><b>Note</b>: <b>[[{{{name}}} Routing (legacy WebUI)|click here]]</b> for the old style WebUI (FW version {{Template: Networking_device_manual_latest_fw | series = RUT2XX}} and earlier) user manual page.</i>|}}
==Summary==
==Summary==


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</table>
</table>


==Advanced Static Routes==
==Policy Based Routing==


The <b>Advanced Static Routes</b> section is used to configure policy-based routing infrastructures, which are usually used in more complex or specific networking scenarios.
The <b>Policy Based Routing</b> section is used to configure policy-based routing infrastructures, which are usually used in more complex or specific networking scenarios.


===Routing Tables===
===Routing Tables===
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<u><b>
<u><b>


Note:</b> Dynamic Routing is additional software that can be installed from the <b>Services → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]]</b> page.</u>
Note:</b> Dynamic Routing is additional software that can be installed from the <b>System → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]]</b> page.</u>
}}
}}
===BGP===
===BGP===
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The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to turn BGP protocol usage on or off or to upload an external BGP configuration. Below is an example of the BGP General Settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to turn BGP protocol usage on or off or to upload an external BGP configuration. Below is an example of the BGP General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_general_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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====BGP Instance====
====BGP Instance====
----
----
The <b>BGP Instance</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the BGP protocol. Below is an example of the BGP Instance section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_instance.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
To create a new BGP instance, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP instances; type in a custom name for the BGP instance and click the 'Add' button or you can 'Edit' a general instance:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_instance_edit.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
You will be redirected to general BGP instance settings:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_instance_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>AS</td>
       <td>AS</td>
       <td>integer [1..65535]default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>integer [1..4294967295]; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>BGP Autonomous System (AS) number. It is an identifier that represents a routing domain; BGP routers can exchange routes within the same Autonomous System.</td>
         <td>AS number is an identification of an autonomous system. BGP protocol uses the AS number for detecting whether the BGP connection is an internal one or external one.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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         <td>ip/netmask; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip/netmask; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Adds an announcement network(s). Routes to these networks will be shared over BGP.</td>
         <td>Adds an announcement network(s). Routes to these networks will be shared over BGP.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>VRF interface</td>
        <td>VRF interface; default: <b>Default</b></td>
        <td>To create new VRF interface, please visit: [[{{{name}}} VRF|VRF]] </td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Compares MEDs between same AS, while ignoring their age.</td>
         <td>Compares MEDs between same AS, while ignoring their age.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>eBGP Requires Policy</td>
        <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>on</b></td>
        <td>Enable/Disable eBGP Import or Export policy requirement. Enabled by default as per RFC 8212.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>


====BGP Peers====
=====BGP Peers=====
----
----
<b>BGP Peers</b> are routers in the same BGP Peer Group that can redistribute routes among other BGP Peers. Below is an example of the BGP Peers section, which is empty by default.
<b>BGP Peers</b> are routers in the same BGP Peer Group that can redistribute routes among other BGP Peers. Below is an example of the BGP Peers section, which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To create a new Peer, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP Peer; type in a custom name for the BGP Peer and click the 'Add' button:
To create a new Peer, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP Peer; type in a custom name for the BGP Peer and click the 'Add' button:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_add_button_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


The newly added BGP Peer configuration should look similar to this:
You will be redirected to general peer settings:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_added.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_bgp_peer_v4.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>Field</th>
      <th>Value</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Remote AS</td>
      <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
      <td>Remote autonomous system number of this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Remote address</td>
        <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>IPv4 address of this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns turns this BGP peer on or off.</td>
    </tr>
</table>
 
To see more settings for a BGP Peer, click the 'Edit' button next to it:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_edit_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
The full BGP Peer configuration page should look similar to this:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_bgp_peer_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>integer [1..4294967295]; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number of this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number of this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
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     <td>Remote address</td>
     <td>Remote address</td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>IPv4 address of this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
         <td>IPv4 address of this remote BGP Neighbor. This option is required.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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         <td>integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Time to Live value for packets associated with this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
         <td>Time to Live value for packets associated with this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Weight</td>
        <td>integer [0..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>Specifies a default weight value for the neighbor’s routes. Higher weight is preferred.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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</table>
</table>


====BGP Peer Groups====
=====BGP Peer Groups=====
----
----
A <b>BGP Peer Group</b> is a collection of routers that use the BGP protocol to dynamically redistribute routes among peers (other routers). The figure below is an example of the BGP Peer Groups section, which is empty by default.
A <b>BGP Peer Group</b> is a collection of routers that use the BGP protocol to dynamically redistribute routes among peers (other routers). The figure below is an example of the BGP Peer Groups section, which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To create a new Peer Group, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP Peer Groups; type in a custom name for the BGP Peer Group and click the 'Add' button:
To create a new Peer Group, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP Peer Groups; type in a custom name for the BGP Peer Group and click the 'Add' button:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_groups_add_button_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
The newly added BGP Peer Group configuration should look similar to this:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_added.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
You will be redirected to general peer groups settings:
    <tr>
        <th>Field</th>
      <th>Value</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Remote AS</td>
      <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
      <td>Remote autonomous system number.</td>
    </tr>
</table>


To see more settings for a BGP Peer Group, click the 'Edit' button next to it:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_bgp_peer_group_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_edit_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
The full BGP Peer Group configuration page should look similar to this:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_bgp_peer_group.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number.</td>
       <td>Neighbour's remote AS.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Neighbor address</td>
     <td>Neighbor address</td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>IPv4 address(es) of a remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
         <td>Neighbour's remote IPv4 address.</td>
    </tr>
        <tr>
    <td>Listen Range</td>
        <td>ip4 with mask; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>Accept connections from any peers in the specified prefix.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Advertisement interval</td>
         <td>Advertisement interval</td>
         <td>integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>BGP advertisement frequency (in seconds).</td>
         <td>Delay between updates for a neighbor session (in seconds).</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td><span style="color: blue;">Disable next hop calculation:</span> Apply also to ibgp-learned routes</td>
         <td>Apply also to ibgp-learned routes</td>
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>When acting as a route reflector, applies to ibgp-learned routes as well. This field becomes visible when 'Disable next hop calculation' is turned on.</td>
         <td>When acting as a route reflector, applies to ibgp-learned routes as well. This field becomes visible when 'Disable next hop calculation' is turned on.</td>
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         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>When turned on, Disable connected check enables a directly connected eBGP Neighbor to peer using a loopback address without adjusting the default TTL of 1.</td>
         <td>When turned on, Disable connected check enables a directly connected eBGP Neighbor to peer using a loopback address without adjusting the default TTL of 1.</td>
    </tr>
</table>
=====Route Map Filters=====
----
The <b>Route Map Filters</b> section is used to configure special filters that changes direction for BGP Peers. Below is an example of the Route Map Filters section which is empty by default. You can add a new filter by clicking the 'Add' button
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_route_maps_filters_add_button_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
An Route Map Filters configuration for BGP should look similar to this:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_route_maps_filters_configuration_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>Field</th>
      <th>Value</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Peer</td>
      <td>bgp peer; default: <b>-</b></td>
      <td>Applies the filter rule for the specified peer.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Route map</td>
      <td>route map; default: <b>-</b></td>
      <td>Route map filter to apply.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Direction</td>
        <td>Inbound {{!}} Outbound; default: <b>Inbound</b></td>
        <td>If direction is Inbound, the access list is applied to input routes. If direction is Outbound the access list is applied to advertised routes.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns an Route Map filter on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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The <b>Access List Filters</b> section is used to configure special filters that restrict or allow access to specified networks for BGP Peers. Below is an example of the Access List Filters section which is empty by default. You can add a new filter by clicking the 'Add' button
The <b>Access List Filters</b> section is used to configure special filters that restrict or allow access to specified networks for BGP Peers. Below is an example of the Access List Filters section which is empty by default. You can add a new filter by clicking the 'Add' button


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_access_list_filters_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_access_list_filters_add_button_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


An Access List Filter configuration for BGP should look similar to this:
An Access List Filter configuration for BGP should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_access_list_filters_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_access_list_filters_configuration_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Peer</td>
       <td>Peer</td>
       <td>bgp peer; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>bgp peer; default: <b>-</b></td>
       <td>Applies the filter rule for the specified peer.</td>
       <td>Applies the filter rule for the specified peer.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
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     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Network</td>
     <td>Filter network</td>
         <td>ip/netmask {{!}} Any; default: <b>Any</b></td>
         <td>Any {{!}} custom; default: <b>Any</b></td>
         <td>Matches traffic destined or originating from (depends on 'Direction' selection) to the network specified in this field.</td>
         <td>Applies filter rule for this source network.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Direction</td>
     <td>Direction</td>
         <td>Inbound {{!}} Outbound; default: <b>Inbound</b></td>
         <td>Inbound {{!}} Outbound; default: <b>Inbound</b></td>
         <td>Matches network traffic direction, which can either be traffic destined to this device (Inbound) or traffic originating from this device (Outbound).</td>
         <td>If direction is Inbound, the access list is applied to input routes. If direction is Outbound the access list is applied to advertised routes.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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       <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Turns an Access filter on or off.</td>
       <td>Turns an Access filter on or off.</td>
    </tr>
</table>
====Route Maps====
----
A <b>Route Maps</b>  allow you to configure a filtering criteria by defining a set of rules or match statements with a permit or deny condition. It includes a series of match statements to determine if a route matches the criteria defined in the statement and then apply the permit or deny rule accordingly.
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_route_maps_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
To create a new Route Maps, look to the Add New Instance section under Route Maps; type in a custom name for the Route Map and click the 'Add' button:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_route_maps_add_button_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
You will be redirected to general route maps settings:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_route_maps_edit_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>Field</th>
      <th>Value</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns the Route Maps configuration on or off.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Action</td>
        <td>Permit {{!}} Deny; default: <b>Permit</b></td>
        <td>IPv4 address of this remote BGP Neighbor.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>Local preference</td>
        <td>integer [0..4294967295]; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>Used to determine best route towards a certain destination.</td>
    </tr>
        <tr>
    <td>Metric</td>
        <td>ip4 with mask; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>Sets a metric value for determining the preferred path into an AS.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the RIP protocol. Below is an example of the RIP General Settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the RIP protocol. Below is an example of the RIP General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_general_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 708: Line 763:
RIP Interface configuration should look similar to this:
RIP Interface configuration should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_rip_interfaces_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_rip_interfaces_configuration_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Description</th>
       <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns a RIP Interface on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Sets the specified interface to passive mode. On passive mode interface, all receiving packets are processed as normal and <b>ripd</b> does not send either multicast or unicast RIP packets.</td>
         <td>Sets the specified interface to passive mode. On passive mode interface, all receiving packets are processed as normal and <b>ripd</b> does not send either multicast or unicast RIP packets.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns a RIP Interface on or off.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Delete</td>
      <td>- (interactive button)</td>
      <td>Deletes RIP inerfaces instance.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
Line 739: Line 799:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_access_list_filters.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_access_list_filters.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To add a new filter, look to the Add New Filter section; enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button:
To add a new filter, look to the Add New Instance section; enter a custom name and select RIP interface then click the 'Add' button:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_access_list_filters_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_access_list_filters_add_button_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


An Access List Filter configuration for RIP should look similar to this:
An Access List Filter configuration for RIP should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_access_list_filters_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_access_list_filters_configuration_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 793: Line 853:
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the OSPF protocol. Below is an example of the OSPF General Settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the OSPF protocol. Below is an example of the OSPF General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_general_settings_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_general_settings_v3.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 974: Line 1,034:
The newly added new Area will appear in the OSPF Area list.
The newly added new Area will appear in the OSPF Area list.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area_configuration_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 991: Line 1,051:
       <td>32-bit integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>32-bit integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>OSPF Area ID. OSPF Networks that are meant to communicate with each other should belong to the same Area (have the Area ID).</td>
       <td>OSPF Area ID. OSPF Networks that are meant to communicate with each other should belong to the same Area (have the Area ID).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>STUB</td>
      <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>A stub area is an area in which advertisements of external routes are not allowed, reducing the size of the database.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
Line 1,051: Line 1,116:
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the EIGRP protocol. Below is an example of the EIGRP General Settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the EIGRP protocol. Below is an example of the EIGRP General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_eigrp_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_eigrp_general_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 1,104: Line 1,169:
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to turn NHRP protocol usage on or off. Below is an example of the NHRP General Settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to turn NHRP protocol usage on or off. Below is an example of the NHRP General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_general_settings_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 1,127: Line 1,192:
The <b>Interfaces</b> section is used to define which existing network interfaces can participate in NHRP communication. Below is an example of the NHRP Interfaces section which is empty by default.  
The <b>Interfaces</b> section is used to define which existing network interfaces can participate in NHRP communication. Below is an example of the NHRP Interfaces section which is empty by default.  


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To create a new NHRP Interface, look to the Add New Interface section; enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button.
To create a new NHRP Interface, look to the Add New Interface section; enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_add_button_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


The newly added NHRP interface will appear in the Interfaces list and should look similar to this:
The newly added NHRP interface will appear in the Interfaces list and should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_begin_to_edit.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_begin_to_edit_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To see more settings for an NHRP Interface, click the 'Edit' button next to it:
To see more settings for an NHRP Interface, click the 'Edit' button next to it. You will be redirected to a window that looks similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_edit_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_interface_configuration_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
You should redirected to a windows that looks similar to this:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_interface_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 1,173: Line 1,234:
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>NHS</td>
         <td>NHS</td>
         <td>Dynamic {{!}} custom(ip4); default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>dynamic {{!}} custom(ip4); default: <b>dynamic</b></td>
         <td>IP address of a Next-Hop server.</td>
         <td>IP address of a Next-Hop server.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
Line 1,202: Line 1,263:
The <b>NHRP Mappings Configuration</b> section is used to configure (map) associations between NHRP router IP address and NBMAs. Below is an example of the NHRP Mappings Configuration section which is empty by default. To add a new configuration, simply click the 'Add' button:
The <b>NHRP Mappings Configuration</b> section is used to configure (map) associations between NHRP router IP address and NBMAs. Below is an example of the NHRP Mappings Configuration section which is empty by default. To add a new configuration, simply click the 'Add' button:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_nhrp_mappings_configuration_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_nhrp_mappings_configuration_add_button_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


The newly added configuration should appear in the NHRP Mappings Configuration list and look similar to this:
The newly added configuration should appear in the NHRP Mappings Configuration list and look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_nhrp_mappings_configuration_edit.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_nhrp_interfaces_nhrp_mappings_configuration_edit_v2.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
Line 1,213: Line 1,274:
         <th>Value</th>
         <th>Value</th>
         <th>Description</th>
         <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>IP Address</td>
        <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>Network ID of another NHRP router.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>NBMA</td>
        <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
        <td>IP address of a Next-Hop server.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
Line 1,218: Line 1,289:
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Turns this mapping configuration on or off.</td>
         <td>Turns this mapping configuration on or off.</td>
    </tr>
</table>
=====NHRP NHS Configuration=====
----
The NHRP uses next hop servers (NHS) to register. Below is an example of the NHRP NHS Configuration section which is empty by default. To add a new configuration, simply click the 'Add' button:
[[File:Networking rutos manual routing dynamic routes nhrp interfaces nhrp nhs configuration v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
The newly added configuration should appear in the NHRP NHS Configuration list and look similar to this:
[[File:Networking rutos manual routing dynamic routes nhrp interfaces nhrp nhs configuration add v1.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>Field</th>
        <th>Value</th>
        <th>Description</th>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>IP Address</td>
         <td>NHS IP Address</td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Network ID of another NHRP router.</td>
         <td>Static Next Hop Server IP address.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>NBMA</td>
         <td>NBMA</td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>IP address of a Next-Hop server.</td>
         <td>Non-Broadcast Multi-Access(NBMA) network IP address of this NHS.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>Enabled</td>
        <td>off {{!}} on; default: <b>off</b></td>
        <td>Turns NHFRP NHS configuration on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>|}}
</table>|}}
[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]
[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]

Latest revision as of 08:15, 8 October 2024

The information in this page is updated in accordance with firmware version .


Summary

The Routing page is used to set up static routes, routing tables and rules.

This manual page provides an overview of the Routing windows in {{{name}}} devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Static Routes

Routes ensure that network traffic finds its path to a specified host or network, both in local and remote network scenarios. Static routes are simply fixed routing entries in the routing table(s).

This section provides the possibility to configure custom static routes.

Static IPv4 Routes

The Static IPv4 Routes section displays a list of user defined static IPv4 routes and provides the possibility to add and configure new ones. The list is empty by default.

To add a new route and begin editing, simply click the 'Add' button. Refer to the table below for information on static route configuration fields.

Field Value Description
Interface network interface; default: lan Network interface of the target network.
Target* ip4; default: none Destination network address.
IPv4-Netmask* netmask; default: none A netmask is used to divide an IP address into sub-networks (subnets). Combined together, the 'Netmask' and 'Target' values define the exact destination network or IP address to which this route applies.
IPv4-Gateway ip4; default: none A gateway can be any machine in a network that is capable of serving as an access point to another network. Traffic that matches this route will be directed over the IP address specified in this field.
Metric integer [0..255]; default: none The metric value acts as a measurement of priority. If a packet about to be routed matches two or more rules, the one with the lower metric is applied.
MTU integer [64..9000]; default: 1500 Sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction.
Route Type unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | unreachable | prohibit | backhole | anycast | -- custom -- ; default: unicast Selects route type. Each type specifies a different behavior for the route:
  • unicast - most common type of route, simply describes a path to a destination.
  • local - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used only for locally hosted IPs.
  • broadcast - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used by link layer devices that support the broadcast address principle.
  • multicast - used for distribution of multicast traffic.
  • unreachable - sends an ICMP "unreachable" response to the source address when a request for a routing decision returns a "destination with an unreachable route type" message.
  • prohibit - used to prohibit traffic to specified host or network. When a destination is prohibited, the kernel sends a 'Network is unreachable' response the source address.
  • blackhole - packets that match this type of route are discarded without any response.
  • anycast - provides a possibility to route incoming requests to multiple different network locations.
  • -- custom -- - does not use any of the predefined route types.

*Additional notes on 'Target' & 'Netmask' fields:

You can define a rule that applies to a single IP like this:

  • Target: some IP
  • Netmask: 255.255.255.255

Furthermore, you can create target/netmask combinations that apply to a range of IPs. Refer to the table below for examples.

Target Netmask Network range
192.168.2.0 255.255.255.240 192.168.2.0 - 192.168.2.15
192.168.2.240 255.255.255.240 192.168.2.240 - 192.168.2.255
192.168.2.161 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 - 192.168.55.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
192.168.2.161 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.161

Static IPv6 Routes

The Static IPv6 Routes section displays a list of user defined static IPv6 routes and provides the possibility to add and configure new ones. The list is empty by default.

To add a new route and begin editing, simply click the 'Add' button. Refer to the table below for information on static route configuration fields.

Field Value Description
Interface network interface; default: lan Network interface of the target network.
Target ip6; default: none Destination network address.
IPv6-Gateway ip6; default: none A gateway can be any machine in a network that is capable of serving as an access point to another network. Traffic that matches this route will be directed over the IP address specified in this field.
Metric integer [0..255]; default: none The metric value acts as a measurement of priority. If a packet about to be routed matches two or more rules, the one with the lower metric is applied.
MTU integer [64..9000]; default: 1500 Sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction.
Route Type unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | unreachable | prohibit | backhole | anycast | -- custom -- ; default: unicast Selects route type. Each type specifies a different behavior for the route:
  • unicast - most common type of route, simply describes a path to a destination.
  • local - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used only for locally hosted IPs.
  • broadcast - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used by link layer devices that support the broadcast address principle.
  • multicast - used for distribution of multicast traffic.
  • unreachable - sends an ICMP "unreachable" response to the source address when a request for a routing decision returns a "destination with an unreachable route type" message.
  • prohibit - used to prohibit traffic to specified host or network. When a destination is prohibited, the kernel sends a 'Network is unreachable' response the source address.
  • blackhole - packets that match this type of route are discarded without any response.
  • anycast - provides a possibility to route incoming requests to multiple different network locations.
  • -- custom -- - does not use any of the predefined route types.

Policy Based Routing

The Policy Based Routing section is used to configure policy-based routing infrastructures, which are usually used in more complex or specific networking scenarios.

Routing Tables

Routing Tables store network routes. Tables are checked before every routing decision until a matching route is found. Having multiple tables allows the user to set up a policy routing infrastructure. Policy-based routing is a technique where routing decisions are based on policies (rule) set by the user.

The 'Routing Tables' section displays user created routing tables. By default, the list is empty.

To create a new table, look to the 'Add New Routing Table' section below. Enter an ID for the new table in the range of [1..252], enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button. The new table should appear in the 'Routing Tables' list. Click the 'Edit' button next to it to begin editing.

Refer to the table below for information on configuration fields for routing tables.

Field Value Description
Name of Table string; default: none A custom name for the table. A table can be invoked by the both its ID or name.
ID of Table integer [1..252]; default: none Unique numerical identifier for the table. A table can be invoked by the both its ID or name.

Routing Rules For IPv4

Routing Rules provide a way to route certain packets with exceptions, i.e., in accordance to a rule. 'Routing Rules For IPv4' displays user defined routing rules. It is empty by default. To create a new rule, click the 'Add' button and begin editing by clicking the 'Edit' button located to the right of the newly created rule.

Refer to table below for information on each configuration field.

Field Value Description
Priority integer [0..65535]; default: none Controls the order of IP rules. Rules with a lower priority value will be checked first.
Incoming interface network interface | Any; default: Any Logical interface name for incoming traffic. Select 'Any' to make the rule apply to all network interfaces.
Outgoing interface network interface | None; default: None Logical interface name for incoming traffic. Select 'None' to ignore outgoing interface.
Source subnet netmask; default: none Source subnet to match the rule.
Destination subnet netmask; default: none Destination subnet to match the rule.
TOS Value to Match integer [0..255]; default: none The type of service (ToS) value to match in IP headers.
Firewall Mark integer [0..255] | hex [0x00..0xFF]; default: none Specifies the fwmark and optionally its mask to match. For example, 0xFF to match mark 255 or 0x0/0x1 to match any even mark value.
Invert matches off | on; default: off If enabled, the meaning of the match options (Firewall Mark, TOS Value, Source and Destination subnets) is inverted.
Matched Traffic Action Lookup Table | Jump to rule | Routing Action; default: Lookup Table When network traffic matches this rule, the device will take an action specified in this field:
  • Lookup Table - routes traffic in accordance with the specified routing table.
  • Jump to rule - specifies another routing rule to follow.
  • Routing Action - executes one of four predefined routing actions.
Lookup Table routing table; default: none Specifies a table for routing traffic that matches this rule. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Lookup Table.
Jump to rule rule priority number; default: none Specifies a another rule to follow for traffic that matches this rule. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Jump to rule.
Routing Action Prohibit | Unreachable | Blackhole | Throw; default: Prohibit When traffic matches this rule, the action specified in this field will be executed. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Routing Action.


[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]

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