Template:Networking rutos manual wireless

Summary

The Wireless section of the Network tab can be used to manage and configure WiFi Access Points and WiFi Stations (clients) . This chapter of the user manual provides an overview of the Wireless section for {{{name}}} devices. If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

WiFi 2.4 GHz

The WiFi 2.4 GHz section is used to configure your wireless access points (AP) and wireless clients (STA).

[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_wireless_wifi_{{{wifi}}}_v3.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

Above is the overview of the Wireless Overview window. It displays active access pointsand stations. Here you can turn on or off your WiFi interfaces, remove them or start configuring by clicking on Edit button on the right side of interface. You can also configure your WiFi devices by clicking Edit button in the right side of each table header. To configure your Wireless device as Client press Scan button to scan the surrounding area and attempt to connect to a new wireless access point.

Global Settings

The Global Settings section is used for configuring WiFi hardware parameters. You can find this section by clicking the 'Edit' button next to a wireless device (not an interface) in the Network → Wireless page:

General Setup

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The General Setup section is used to turn a wireless device on or off, select the operating frequency (WiFi mode and channel), transmit power and define a country code.

A wireless 2.4 GHz WiFi channel requires a signaling band roughly 22 MHz wide, radio frequencies of neighboring channels numbers significantly overlap each other. Choose a WiFi channel according to the busyness of other channels. You can download a free WiFi analyzer app on your phone, laptop or other WiFi device and check which channel is the least populated.

Many home networks utilize routers that by default run on channel 6 on the 2.4 GHz band. Neighboring WiFi home networks that run over the same channel generate radio interference that can cause significant network performance slowdowns for users. Reconfiguring a network to run on a different wireless channel helps minimize these slowdowns. Therefore, pick a channel with no other active Access Points and preferably one that has no active Access Point on two adjacent channels on each side as well. If you don't feel like doing this, set the 'Channel' field to Auto and the device will pick the least busy channel in your location automatically.

Field	Value	Description
Enable	off | on; default: on	Turns Wireless device on or off.
Operating Frequency (2.4 GHz)
Mode	N | Legacy; default: N	Wireless N (802.11n) supports a maximum theoretical transfer rate of 300mbps with 2 antennas. It can reach up to 450 Mbps with 3 antennas. Though typical speeds are more accurately around 130 Mbps. The legacy standards include 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
Channel	Auto | 1 (2412 MHz) | 2 (2417 MHz) | 3 (2422 MHz) | 4 (2427 MHz) | 5 (2432 MHz) | 6 (2437 MHz) | 7 (2442 MHz) | 8 (2447 MHz) | 9 (2452 MHz) | 10 (2457 MHz) | 11 (2462 MHz); default: Auto	A wireless 2.4 GHz WiFi channel requires a signaling band roughly 22 MHz wide, radio frequencies of neighboring channels numbers significantly overlap each other. Therefore, pick a channel with no other active Access Points and preferably one that has no active Access Point on two adjacent channels on each side as well.
Width	20 MHz | 40 MHz; default: 20 MHz	A 40 MHz channel width bonds two 20 MHz channels together, forming a 40 MHz channel width; therefore, it allows for greater speed and faster transfer rates. But not if those channels are crowded with noise and interference. In crowded areas with a lot of frequency noise and interference, a single 20MHz channel will be more stable. 40MHz channel width allows for greater speed and faster transfer rates but it doesn’t perform as well in crowded areas.
Transmit Power	[5%...100%]; default: 100 %	The transmit power of an access point radio is proportional to its effective range – the higher the transmit power, the more distance that a signal can travel, and/or the more physical materials that it can effectively penetrate and still have data successfully resolved at the receiver.
Country code	country code; default: US - United States	SO/IEC 3166 alpha2 country codes as defined in ISO 3166-1 standard.

Advanced Settings

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The Advanced Settings section is used to configure how the wireless Access Point will work from a hardware perspective.

Field	Value	Description
Operating Frequency (2.4 GHz)
Allow legacy 802.11b rates	off | on; default: on	Turn on to enable connections that uses legacy 802.11b standard.
Distance Optimization	integer [0..65535]; default: none	HT Distance to farthest network member in meters.
Fragmentation threshold	integer [256..2346]; default: none	The smallest packet size that can be fragmented and transmitted by multiple frames. In areas were interference is a problem, setting a lower fragment threshold might help reduce the probability of unsuccessful packet transfers, thus increasing speed
RTS/CTS threshold	integer [0..2347]; default: none	RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send) are mechanisms, used to reduce frame collisions introduced by the hidden node problem. It can help resolve problems arising when several access points are in the same area, contending
Force 40MHz mode	off | on; default: off	Always use 40MHz channels even if the secondary channel overlaps. Using this option does not comply with IEEE 802.11n-2009!
Beacon interval	integer [15..65535]; default: none	Beacon signal interval in seconds.

WiFi Scanner

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The WiFi Scanner provides you with the possibility to scan and collect information about connected devices and surrounding access points. The collected data is sent using the [[{{{name}}} Data to Server|Data to Server]] functionality with Kinesis argument.

Field	Value	Description
Enable	off | on; default: off	Enables or disables WiFi scanner.
Interval	integer; default: 10	Interval between scans in seconds.

Interface Configuration

The Interface Configuration section is used to configure the parameters of Wireless Access Pointsor Clients. You can find this section by clicking the 'Edit' button next to a wireless device (not an interface) in the Network → Wireless page:

General Setup

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The General Setup tab contains basic options for ESSID and network interface.

Field	Value	Description
Mode	Access Point
ESSID	Factory ESSID is different for every device; default: none	Extended Service Set Identifier.
Network	network interfaces; default: lan	Choose the network(s) you want to attach to this wireless interface or fill out the create field to define a new network.
Access Point mode
Hide ESSID	off
WMM Mode	off
Client mode
BSSID	mac address; default: none	Basic service set identifier.
Mesh mode
Mesh ID	integer; default: none	Mesh network identifier.

Wireless Security

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The Wireless Security tab is used to determine what kind of encryption your WLAN will use.

Field	Value	Description
Encryption	No encryption | WPA-PSK | WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Mixed Mode | WPA2-PSK | WPA-EAP | WPA2-EAP | WPA2-EAP/WPA3-EAP Mixed Mode | WPA3-EAP | WPA2-PSK/WPA3-SAE Mixed Mode | WPA3-SAE | OWE; default: WPA2-PSK	The type of encryption used on this Wireless Interface. Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) - no password is required and all wireless traffic is encrypted (safer than No Encryption).
With all encryptions
Cipher	Auto | Force CCMP (AES) | Force TKIP | Force TKIP and CCMP (AES); default: Auto	An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Mixed Mode, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK/WPA3-SAE Mixed Mode, WPA3-SAE
Password	string; default: none	A custom passphrase used for authentication (at least 8 characters long).
WPA2-EAP, WPA2-EAP/WPA3-EAP Mixed Mode, WPA3-EAP
Radius-Authentication-Server	string; default: none	Ip address of the authentification server.
Radius-Authentication-Port	string; default: none	Default port for the server is 1812.
Radius-Authentication-Secret	string; default: none	Server's shared secret.
Radius-Accounting-Server	string; default: none	Ip address of the accounting server.
Radius-Accounting-Port	string; default: none	Default port for the server is 1813.
Radius-Accounting-Secret	string; default: none	Server's shared secret.
NAS id	string; default: none	Network access server identifier.

MAC Filter

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The MAC Filter tab is used for setting up rules that allow or exclude devices with specified MAC addresses from connecting to your WiFi network. This tab is only visible when Wireless interface Mode is set to Access Point.

Field	Value	Description
MAC-address filter	Disable | Allow listed only | Allow all except listed; default: Disable	Defines how the MAC Filter should function. Allow listed only – only allows devices with specified MAC addresses to connect to your Wireless Access Point. Allow all except listed - blocks devices with specified MAC addresses from connecting to your Wireless Access Point.
MAC-List	MAC; default: none	List of MAC addresses to be included or excluded from connecting to your Wireless Access Point.
Remove from whitelist	off | on; default: off	Enables MAC removal from whitelist when device reaches IP block counter.

Advanced Settings

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Field	Value	Description
Isolate Clients	off | on; default: off	Prevents client to client communication on the same subnet.
Short Preamble	off | on; default: on	Uses Short Preamble, it uses shorter data strings that adds less data to transmit the error redundancy check which means that it is much faster.
DTIM interval	seconds; default: none	Delivery Traffic Indication Message Interval.
Time interval for rekeying GTK	seconds; default: none	Period of time in between automatic changes of the group key, which all devices on the network share.
Disable Inactivity Polling	off | on; default: off	Inactivity polling can be disabled to disconnect stations based on inactivity timeout so that idle stations are more likely to be disconnected even if they are still in range of the AP.
Station inactivity limit	seconds; default: none	Station inactivity limit in seconds. If a station/client does not send anything in st time frame, an empty data frame is sent to it in order to verify whether it is still in range. If this frame is not acknowledged, the station will be disassociated and then deauthenticated.
Maximum allowed Listen Interval	positive integer; default: none	Association will be refused if a client/station attempts to associate with a listen interval greater than this value.
Disassociate On Low Acknowledgement	off | on; default: on	Allow AP mode to disconnect stations/clients based on low Acknowledgement condition.
WMM Mode	off | on; default: on	Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM), previously known as Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME), is a subset of the 802.11e wireless LAN (WLAN) specification that enhances quality of service (QoS) on a network by prioritizing data packets according to four categories.
WDS	off {{{!}}} on; default: off	A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a system that enables the wireless interconnection of access points (APs) in a network

Fast Transition

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The Fast Transition tab is only available when in General section 802.11r Fast Transition option is enabled.

Field	Value	Description
NAS id	string; default: empty	Used for fast transition and Radius server.
Mobility Domain	HEX string; default: empty	4-character hexadecimal ID
Reassociation Deadline	integer [1000..65535]; default: empty	Time units (TUs / 1.024 ms)
FT protocol	FT over DS | FT over Air; default: FT over DS	Defines how nagotiation will happen using Fast Transition protocol.

Fast Roaming

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The Fast Roaming tab is only available when in General section Client mode is seclected and in Advanced settings tab Enable fast roaming option is enabled.

Field	Value	Description
Mode	Simple | Learn; default: Simple	Defines how the MAC Filter should function. Simple: Periodic background scans based on signal strengt Learn: Learns channels used by the network and tries to avoid scans on other channels
Short interval	integer [5..86400]; default: 30	Defines the interval between background scans (in seconds) if the actual signal level of the currently connected access point is worse than signal threshold
Long interval	integer [5..86400]; default: 300	Defines the interval between background scans (in seconds) if the actual signal level of the currently connected access point is better than signal threshold
Signal threshold	integer [-90..-30]; default: -70	Defines a threshold (in dBm) that determines if short interval or longer interval will be used

Client Mode

{{{name}}} can also work as a WiFi client. Configuring client mode is nearly identical to Access Point, except for the fact that most of the options are dictated by the WiFi Access Point that the router is connecting to. Changing them can result in an interrupted connection to that router.

To begin configuring WiFi Client first click the 'Scan' button to scan the surrounding area and attempt to connect to a new wireless access point.

[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_wireless_scan_button_wifi_{{{wifi}}}_v3.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

After which you will be redirected to the window shown below, where you will see list of available WiFi Access Points in the area. Choose one according to your liking and press the Join Network button next to it.

You again will be redirected to following window, where you will need to enter WPA passphrase or other security password depending on AP that you are connecting to, name yours network (it will be name of your wireless WAN interface) and assign firewall rule.

Next window that opens will be Device Configuration. Values there, mostly, should be left unchanged to avoid connection problems, because they are dictated by Access Point. Other than that, only difference from Access Point settings are in Interface Configuration → General Setup section, where Mode is set to Client, and Network attached to this wireless interface is WAN instead of LAN

Click Save & Apply and if you configured correctly, you will have Wireless Client working.

Mesh Mode

{{{name}}} can also be configured as a mesh gateway or as a node (router) connecting to a mesh gateway.

When {{{name}}} is configured as mesh gateway it provides internet access to other mesh nodes. When configured as mesh node it acts as a mesh router which forwards traffic to and from mesh gateway. Nodes also connect other wireless devices to the network such as laptops and cellphones.

For complete wireless mesh network example please visit Wireless Mesh configuration example.

Mesh Gateway

When configuring {{{name}}} as a mesh gateway internet connectivity is required.

To begin click the 'Add' button below of wireless interface in the Network → Wireless page:

In General Setup tab change Mode to Mesh, set Mesh ID (this number has to be the same in all nodes that connect to this wireless mesh network) and select desired Network which will be attached to the interface. Click Save & Apply.

Next navigate to Wireless Security tab and select WPA3-SAE encryption to add authentication layer. The password must match in all devices within the mesh network.

Lastly, in Advanced Settings tab enable Forward mesh peer traffic and set RSSI threshold for joining to -80. Leave the rest as set by default.

Click Save & Apply and if you configured correctly, you will have wireless mesh gateway ready.

Mesh Node

Mesh node is configured the same way as mesh gateway. Node has to match gateway's wireless mesh interface configuration. Additionally, LAN interface has to be setup as DHCP client:

1. Access router‘s WebUI. Navigate to Network → Interfaces.

2. Press pencil icon on the right of the LAN interface.

3. Change Protocol to DHCP.

Click Save & Apply and If everything was setup correctly, mesh node should be ready use.

Multi AP

The Multi AP feature is used to configure access to multiple wireless access points from one page. To enter Multi AP configuration, click the 'Multi AP' button below other Wireless configurations:

Next, enter a name for the Multi AP network and assign a firewall zone (default: wan).

You may then start to configure General Settings for the Multi AP feature.

General Settings

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The General Settings section for Multi AP is used to turn it on or off and to change the frequency of scanning for WiFi APs.

Field	Value	Description
Enable	off | on; default: off	Turns Multi AP configuration on or off.
Scan Time (sec)	integer (30+); default: 60	Frequency (in seconds) of scans for WiFi access point availability.
Upload AP list	- (interactive button)	Uploads a list of access point configurations.

Access Points

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You can either configure multiple access points from this page of the WebUI or you can upload a file with a list of access point configurations. The file should contains WiFi access point configuration options and values, which should be defined as option: value (for example, ssid: home_wifi). The SSID option is mandatory.

Field	Value	Description
SSID	string; default: none	SSID of an access point.
Key	string; default: none	Pre-shared key, a custom passphrase used for user authentication (at least 8 characters long).
Enable	off | on; default: off	Turns an access point configuration on or off.
Delete	- (interactive button)	Deletes the access point configuration next to the button.

Option names in the file should be provided in lower case letters. AP list file example:

ssid: RUT_1
enable: 1
key: 12345678
ssid: RUT_2
enable: 0
key: 87654321

Once uploaded, the contents of the file should become visible in the Access Points list.

[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]