AT Commands

AT commands ("AT" meaning 'attention') are instructions used to control a modem.

Summary

The command set consists of a series of short text strings which can be combined to produce commands for operations such as dialing, managing SMS functions, and changing the parameters of the connection. Many of the commands that are used to control wired dial-up modems, such as ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hook control) and ATO (Return to online data state), are also supported by GSM/GPRS modems and mobile phones. This section is an overview of some AT commands that can be used with RUT routers.

gsmctl commands

gsmctl is a set of shell commands that can request information from or perform operations on a modem. In other words, gsmctl is a way to use AT commands in shell form. You can use them via SSH or CLI, the command line interface that can be used via the router's WebUI.

SSH

To log in to a RUT router via SSH, download the free PuTTY app if you're using Windows; if you're using a Linux based OS, just use the Terminal app. In both cases you will need to know three things: the router's LAN IP address, user name and password. The default LAN IP address for all RUT routers is 192.168.1.1; the default log in information is username: root; password: admin01 (NOTE: the user name used for SSH connections (i.e., root) is not the same as the user name used to log in to the router's WebUI (i.e., admin)).

If you're using PuTTY, enter the router's LAN IP address into the Host Name (or IP address) field, select SSH Connection type and click Open. After this you will be prompted to enter the user name and password.

If you're using Linux, open a Terminal and type this command:

# ssh [email protected]

If you made changes to LAN IP address or log in name, replace the relevant data in the command above so that it is correct for your specific case. After executing this command you will prompted to enter the router's admin password.

Usage

The syntax for a gsmctl command is gsmctl OPTIONS. A list possible gsmctl options is provided below:

 -p, --ip <INTERFACE>		 Get IP of logical interface
 -e, --bsent <INTERFACE>	 Get number of bytes sent
 -r, --brecv <INTERFACE>	 Get number of bytes recieved
 -j, --connstate		 Get 3G connection state
 -g, --netstate                  Get network link state
 -i, --imei			 Get device IMEI
 -J, --iccid			 Get SIM ICCID
 -m, --model			 Get device model
 -w, --manuf			 Get device manufacturer
 -a, --serial			 Get device serial number
 -y, --revision                  Get device revision number
 -x, --imsi			 Get IMSI
 -z, --simstate                  Get SIM card state
 -u, --pinstate                  Get PIN state
 -q, --signal			 Get GSM signal level
 -X, --rscp                      Get WCDMA rscp level
 -E, --ecio                      Get WCDMA ec/io level
 -W, --rsrp   		         Get LTE rsrp level
 -Z, --sinr  			 Get LTE sinr level
 -M, --rsrq 			 Get LTE rsrq level
 -C, --cellid 		         Get cell id parameter
 -o, --operator                  Get name of operator used
 -f, --opernum  		 Get operator number
 -t, --conntype                  Get data carrier type
 -c, --temp			 Get module temperature in 0.1 degrees Celcius
 -B, --pincount                  Get pin/puk count
 -F  --network		         Get network information
 -K  --serving		         Get serving cell information
 -I  --neighbour		 Get neighbour cell information
 -D, --shutdown                  Shutdown the modem
 -h, --help			 Prints this information
 -v, --version  		 Print version

sms managing options:
 -S -r, --sms --read       <INDEX>            Read SMS by index
 -S -l, --sms --list       <TYPE>             List SMS by type [all, read, new]
 -S -t, --sms --total                         Print SMS memory usage
 -S -d, --sms --delete     <INDEX>            Delete SMS by index
 -S -s, --sms --send      "<NUMBER> <TEXT>"   Send SMS. IMPORTANT! Number and text must be within quotes
 -S -b, --sms --send-b64   <NUMBER>           Send SMS encoded in base64 from /tmp/.smstext

compatibility options:
 -N, --he910			 Support for Telit HE910-EUD
 -R, --em820w			 Support for Huawei EM820W
 -U, --me909u			 Support for Huawei LTE ME909u
 -V, --le910			 Support for Telit LE910

auxiliary options:
 -A, --at <COMMAND>		 Send AT command to device
 -H, --shell			 Enter shell mode
 -k, --debug			 Enable debug information
 -n, --nolog			 Do not log the command

You can view this list via terminal by typing gsmctl -h or gsmctl --help.

For example, try using gsmctl -q to get the current RSSI value in dBm. You can also combine options. For example, gsmctl -oqt:

Unlike gsmctl -q, gsmctl -oqt returns three options: operator's name, signal quality level and carrier type, as you can see in the example above.

AT command usage

To use a specific AT command via SSH, you can use the gsmctl -H. After this your console will enter shell mode where you can then just type AT commands in their regular format. Or you can use gsmctl -A <AT_COMMAND> to execute AT commands one at a time. Continuing from the example above, lets say you want to find out the RSSI value. While there are quite a few commands that can be used to achieve this goal, lets use the AT+CSQ that is used when executing gsmctl -q:

As you can see this time the command returns two values instead of one, and they don't directly represent the RSSI value as with gsmctl -q. The reason for this is that AT+CSQ indicates the received signal strength <rssi> and the channel bit error rate <ber> and the numbers returned are not the direct values but rather the representation of the direct values.

<rssi>
0              -113dBm or less
1              -111dBm
2...30         -109dBm... -53dBm
31             -51dBm or greater
99              Not known or not detectable
100            -116dBm or less
101            -115dBm
102...190      -114dBm...-26dBm
191            -25dBm or greater
199             Not known or not detectable
100~199         Extended to be used in TD-SCDMA indicating received signal code power (RSCP)

<ber>           Channel bit error rate (in percent)
0...7           As RXQUAL values in the table in 3GPP TS 45.008 subclause 8.2.4
99              Not known or not detectable

So the response above indicates that the RSSI value is -75 dBm (because that's what 19 represents since it falls in the 2..30 range) and the channel bit error rate is Not known or not detectable (because that's what 99 represents).

---

As another example, lets try to get network operator information. For this task you can use either gsmctl -o or AT+COPS?. For this example we'll use them both and analyze the differences:

As you can see, gsmctl returns a more user friendly value while AT+COPS? returns raw data. The response format of the AT+COPS? is +COPS: <mode>[,<format>[,<oper>][,<Act>]]. Explanations for individual values are provided below.

<oper>         Operator in format as per <mode>

<mode>
0              Automatic mode. <oper> field is ignored
1              Manual operator selection. <oper> field shall be present and <Act> optionally
2              Manually deregister from network
3              Set only <format> (for AT+COPS? Read Command), and do not attempt registration/deregistration (<oper> and <Act> fields are ignored).
               This value is invalid in the response of Read Command
4              Manual/automatic selection. <oper> field shall be presented. If manual selection fails, automatic mode (<mode>=0) is entered

<format>
0              Long format alphanumeric <oper> which can be up to 16 characters long
1              Short format alphanumeric <oper>
2              Numeric <oper>. GSM location area identification number

<Act>          Access technology selected.
               Values 3, 4, 5 and 6 occur only in the response of Read Command while MS is in data service state and is not intended for the AT+COPS Write Command.
0              GSM
2              UTRAN
3              GSM W/EGPRS
4              UTRAN W/HSDPA
5              UTRAN W/HSUPA
6              UTRAN W/HSDPA and HSUPA
7              E-UTRAN
100            CDMA

Instead of the operator's name, AT+COPS? returns operator's code, in this case, 24602, while gsmctl converts the code into the name of the operator (LT BITE GSM).

External links

PuTTY download - https://www.putty.org/