Template:Networking rutos manual routing: Difference between revisions

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       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles the BGP protocol on or off</td>
       <td>Turns BGP protocol usage on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Enable vty</td>
       <td>Enable vty</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles vty access on or off</td>
       <td>Turns vty access on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Import config</td>
     <td>Import config</td>
         <td>-</td>
         <td>-</td>
         <td>Uploads an external BGP configuration</td>
         <td>Uploads an external BGP configuration.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles the BGP instance on or off</td>
       <td>Turns the BGP instance on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>AS</td>
       <td>AS</td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>AS number is an identification of an autonomous system. BGP protocol uses the AS number for detecting whether the BGP connection is an internal one or external one. '''[Required]'''</td>
       <td>AS number is an identification of an autonomous system. The BGP protocol uses the AS number for detecting whether the BGP connection is internal or an external one.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>BGP router ID</td>
     <td>BGP router ID</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>The router id is used by BGP to identify the routing device from which a packet originated. default router ID value is selected as the largest IP Address of the interface.</td>
         <td>The router ID is used by BGP to identify the routing device from which a packet originated. Fefault router ID value is selected as the largest IP Address of the interface.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Network</td>
     <td>Network</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Add an announcement network(s)</td>
         <td>Adds an announcement network(s).</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Redistribution options</td>
         <td>Redistribution options</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>'''Route redistribution''' is a process that allows a network to use a '''routing''' protocol to dynamically '''route''' traffic based on information learned from a different '''routing''' protocol.</td>
         <td>Distributes selected routes. Route redistribution is a process that allows a network to use a routing protocol to dynamically route traffic based on information learned from a separate routing protocol.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Deterministic</td>
         <td>Deterministic MED</td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Compare MED between same AS ignoring their age</td>
         <td>Compares MEDs between same AS, while ignoring their age.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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====BGP Peers====
====BGP Peers====
----
----
Below is an example of <b>BGP Peers</b> section. You can create a new peer by clicking the 'Add' button.
<b>BGP Peers</b> are routers in the same BGP Peer Group that can redistribute routes among other BGP Peers. Below is an example of the BGP Peers section, which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
To create a new Peer, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP Peer; type in a custom name for the BGP Peer and click the 'Add' button:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
The newly added BGP Peer configuration should look similar to this:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_added.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Description</th>
       <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Toggles the BGP peer on or off</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Neighbour's remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number of this remote BGP Neighbour.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Remote address</td>
     <td>Remote address</td>
         <td>IP; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Neighbour's remote IPv4 address</td>
         <td>IPv4 address of this remote BGP Neighbour.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns turns this BGP peer on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>


By pressing '''Edit''' button you can find more settings related to '''BGP Peer.'''
To see more settings for a BGP Peer, click the 'Edit' button next to it:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_edit_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
The full BGP Peer configuration page should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_bgp_peer.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_bgp_peer.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
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       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles BGP Peer on or off</td>
       <td>Turns this BGP peer on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Neighbour's remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number of this remote BGP Neighbour.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Remote address</td>
     <td>Remote address</td>
         <td>IP; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Neighbour's remote IPv4 address</td>
         <td>IPv4 address of this remote BGP Neighbour.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Remote port</td>
     <td>Remote port</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>integer [0..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Neighbour's remote port</td>
         <td>Listening port number of the BGP Neighbour.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>EBGP Multihop</td>
     <td>EBGP Multihop</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Time to Live value</td>
         <td>Time to Live value for packets associated with this remote BGP Neighbour.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>default originate</td>
         <td>Default originate</td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Announce default routes to the peer</td>
         <td>Announces default routes to this peer.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Description</td>
         <td>Description</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>string; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>You can leave notes here</td>
         <td>A custom description for this BGP peer. Used for easier management purposes.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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====BGP Peer Groups====
====BGP Peer Groups====
----
----
Below is an example of '''BGP Peer Groups''' section. You can create a new group by writing a name and pressing '''Add''' button.
A <b>BGP Peer Group</b> is a collection of routers that use the BGP protocol to dynamically redistribute routes among peers (other routers). The figure below is an example of the BGP Peer Groups section, which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
To create a new Peer Group, look to the Add New Instance section under BGP Peer Groups; type in a custom name for the BGP Peer Group and click the 'Add' button:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peers_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
The newly added BGP Peer Group configuration should look similar to this:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_added.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


<table class="nd-mantable">
<table class="nd-mantable">
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       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Neighbour's remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number.</td>
     </tr></table>
     </tr>
</table>
 
To see more settings for a BGP Peer Group, click the 'Edit' button next to it:
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_edit_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


By pressing 'Edit' button you can find more settings related to '''BGP Peer Groups.'''
The full BGP Peer Group configuration page should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_bgp_peer_group.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_bgp_peer_groups_bgp_peer_group.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
Line 509: Line 534:
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles the BGP Peer-Group on or off</td>
       <td>Turns the BGP Peer Group configuration on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote AS</td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Neighbour's remote AS</td>
       <td>Remote autonomous system number.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Neighbor address</td>
     <td>Neighbor address</td>
         <td>IP; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>ip4; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Neighbour's remote IPv4 address</td>
         <td>IPv4 address(es) of a remote BGP Neighbour.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Advertisement interval</td>
         <td>Advertisement interval</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Delay between updates for a neighbor session</td>
         <td>BGP advertisement frequency (in seconds).</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Neighbor configuration</td>
         <td>Neighbor configuration</td>
         <td>default: '''None'''</td>
         <td>None | Route Reflector client | Route Server client; default: <b>None</b></td>
         <td>Configure a neighbor as Route Reflector or Route Server client.</td>
         <td>Defines the role of a BGP Neighbour.
            <ul>
                <li><b>Route Reflector client</b> - redistributes received routes.</li>
                <li><b>Route Server client</b> - distributes routes.</li>
            </ul>
        </td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Disable next hop calculation</td>
         <td>Disable next hop calculation</td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Disable the next hop calculation for this group</td>
         <td>Turns next hop calculation for this BGP Peer Group on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Inbound soft-reconfiguration</td>
         <td>Inbound soft-reconfiguration</td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Allow inbound soft reconfiguration for this neighbor</td>
         <td>Turns inbound soft-reconfiguration for this neighbor on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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====Access List Filters====
====Access List Filters====
----
----
Below is an example of '''Access List Filters''' section.
The <b>Access List Filters</b> section is used to configure special filters that restrict or allow access to specified networks for BGP Peers. Below is an example of the Access List Filters section which is empty by default. You can add a new filter by clicking the 'Add' button


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_access_list_filters.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_bgp_access_list_filters_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


You can add a new list by simply pressing '''Add''' button.
You can add a new list by simply pressing '''Add''' button.
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       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Description</th>
       <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Toggles the Access filter on or off</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Peer</td>
       <td>Peer</td>
       <td>bgp peer; default: '''first peer on list'''</td>
       <td>bgp peer; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Applies the rule for the specified peer.</td>
       <td>Applies the filter rule for the specified peer.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Action</td>
     <td>Action</td>
         <td>default: '''Permit'''</td>
         <td>Permit | Deny; default: <b>Permit</b></td>
         <td>Denies or permits matched entry.</td>
         <td>When BGP traffic matches this rule, the device will take the action specified in this field, which is to either allow or block traffic.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Network</td>
     <td>Network</td>
         <td>default: '''Any'''</td>
         <td>ip/netmask | Any; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Applies filter rule for this source network.</td>
         <td>Matches traffic destined or originating from (depends on 'Direction' selection) to the network specified in this field.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Direction</td>
     <td>Direction</td>
         <td>default: '''Inbound'''</td>
         <td>Inbound | Outbound; default: <b>Inbound</b></td>
         <td>If direction is '''Inbound''', the access list is applied to input routes. If direction is '''Outbound''' the access list is applied to advertised routes.</td>
         <td>Matches network traffic direction, which can either be traffic destined to this device (Inbound) or traffic originating from this device (Outbound).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns an Access filter on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>

Revision as of 09:18, 20 October 2020

Template:Networking rutos manual fw disclosure

Summary

The Routing page is used to set up static routes, routing tables and rules.

This manual page provides an overview of the Routing windows in {{{name}}} devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Static Routes

Routes ensure that network traffic finds its path to a specified host or network, both in local and remote network scenarios. Static routes are simply fixed routing entries in the routing table(s).

This section provides the possibility to configure custom static routes.

Static IPv4 Routes

The Static IPv4 Routes section displays a list of user defined static IPv4 routes and provides the possibility to add and configure new ones. The list is empty by default.

To add a new route and begin editing, simply click the 'Add' button. Refer to the table below for information on static route configuration fields.

Field Value Description
Interface network interface; default: lan Network interface of the target network.
Target* ip4; default: none Destination network address.
IPv4-Netmask* netmask; default: none A netmask is used to divide an IP address into sub-networks (subnets). Combined together, the 'Netmask' and 'Target' values define the exact destination network or IP address to which this route applies.
IPv4-Gateway ip4; default: none A gateway can be any machine in a network that is capable of serving as an access point to another network. Traffic that matches this route will be directed over the IP address specified in this field.
Metric integer [0..255]; default: none The metric value acts as a measurement of priority. If a packet about to be routed matches two or more rules, the one with the lower metric is applied.
MTU integer [64..9000]; default: 1500 Sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction.
Route Type unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | unreachable | prohibit | backhole | anycast | -- custom -- ; default: unicast Selects route type. Each type specifies a different behavior for the route:
  • unicast - most common type of route, simply describes a path to a destination.
  • local - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used only for locally hosted IPs.
  • broadcast - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used by link layer devices that support the broadcast address principle.
  • multicast - used for distribution of multicast traffic.
  • unreachable - sends an ICMP "unreachable" response to the source address when a request for a routing decision returns a "destination with an unreachable route type" message.
  • prohibit - used to prohibit traffic to specified host or network. When a destination is prohibited, the kernel sends a 'Network is unreachable' response the source address.
  • blackhole - packets that match this type of route are discarded without any response.
  • anycast - provides a possibility to route incoming requests to multiple different network locations.
  • -- custom -- - does not use any of the predefined route types.

*Additional notes on 'Target' & 'Netmask' fields:

You can define a rule that applies to a single IP like this:

  • Target: some IP
  • Netmask: 255.255.255.255

Furthermore, you can create target/netmask combinations that apply to a range of IPs. Refer to the table below for examples.

Target Netmask Network range
192.168.2.0 255.255.255.240 192.168.2.0 - 192.168.2.15
192.168.2.240 255.255.255.240 192.168.2.240 - 192.168.2.255
192.168.2.161 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 - 192.168.55.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
192.168.2.161 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.161

Static IPv6 Routes

The Static IPv6 Routes section displays a list of user defined static IPv6 routes and provides the possibility to add and configure new ones. The list is empty by default.

To add a new route and begin editing, simply click the 'Add' button. Refer to the table below for information on static route configuration fields.

Field Value Description
Interface network interface; default: lan Network interface of the target network.
Target ip6; default: none Destination network address.
IPv6-Gateway ip6; default: none A gateway can be any machine in a network that is capable of serving as an access point to another network. Traffic that matches this route will be directed over the IP address specified in this field.
Metric integer [0..255]; default: none The metric value acts as a measurement of priority. If a packet about to be routed matches two or more rules, the one with the lower metric is applied.
MTU integer [64..9000]; default: 1500 Sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction.
Route Type unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | unreachable | prohibit | backhole | anycast | -- custom -- ; default: unicast Selects route type. Each type specifies a different behavior for the route:
  • unicast - most common type of route, simply describes a path to a destination.
  • local - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used only for locally hosted IPs.
  • broadcast - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used by link layer devices that support the broadcast address principle.
  • multicast - used for distribution of multicast traffic.
  • unreachable - sends an ICMP "unreachable" response to the source address when a request for a routing decision returns a "destination with an unreachable route type" message.
  • prohibit - used to prohibit traffic to specified host or network. When a destination is prohibited, the kernel sends a 'Network is unreachable' response the source address.
  • blackhole - packets that match this type of route are discarded without any response.
  • anycast - provides a possibility to route incoming requests to multiple different network locations.
  • -- custom -- - does not use any of the predefined route types.

Advanced Static Routes

The Advanced Static Routes section is used to configure policy-based routing infrastructures, which are usually used in more complex or specific networking scenarios.

Routing Tables

Routing Tables store network routes. Tables are checked before every routing decision until a matching route is found. Having multiple tables allows the user to set up a policy routing infrastructure. Policy-based routing is a technique where routing decisions are based on policies (rule) set by the user.

The 'Routing Tables' section displays user created routing tables. By default, the list is empty.

To create a new table, look to the 'Add New Routing Table' section below. Enter an ID for the new table in the range of [1..252], enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button. The new table should appear in the 'Routing Tables' list. Click the 'Edit' button next to it to begin editing.

Refer to the table below for information on configuration fields for routing tables.

Field Value Description
ID of Table integer [1..252]; default: none Unique numerical identifier for the table. A table can be invoked by the both its ID or name.
Name of Table string; default: none A custom name for the table. A table can be invoked by the both its ID or name.

Routing Rules For IPv4

Routing Rules provide a way to route certain packets with exceptions, i.e., in accordance to a rule. 'Routing Rules For IPv4' displays user defined routing rules. It is empty by default. To create a new rule, click the 'Add' button and begin editing by clicking the 'Edit' button located to the right of the newly created rule.

Refer to table below for information on each configuration field.

Field Value Description
Priority integer [0..65535]; default: none Controls the order of IP rules. Rules with a lower priority value will be checked first.
Incoming interface network interface | Any; default: Any Logical interface name for incoming traffic. Select 'Any' to make the rule apply to all network interfaces.
Outgoing interface network interface | None; default: None Logical interface name for incoming traffic. Select 'None' to ignore outgoing interface.
Source subnet netmask; default: none Source subnet to match the rule.
Destination subnet netmask; default: none Destination subnet to match the rule.
TOS Value to Match integer [0..255]; default: none The type of service (ToS) value to match in IP headers.
Firewall Mark integer [0..255] | hex [0x00..0xFF]; default: none Specifies the fwmark and optionally its mask to match. For example, 0xFF to match mark 255 or 0x0/0x1 to match any even mark value.
Invert matches off | on; default: off If enabled, the meaning of the match options (Firewall Mark, TOS Value, Source and Destination subnets) is inverted.
Matched Traffic Action Lookup Table | Jump to rule | Routing Action; default: Lookup Table When network traffic matches this rule, the device will take an action specified in this field:
  • Lookup Table - routes traffic in accordance with the specified routing table.
  • Jump to rule - specifies another routing rule to follow.
  • Routing Action - executes one of four predefined routing actions.
Lookup Table routing table; default: none Specifies a table for routing traffic that matches this rule. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Lookup Table.
Jump to rule rule priority number; default: none Specifies a another rule to follow for traffic that matches this rule. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Jump to rule.
Routing Action Prohibit | Unreachable | Blackhole | Throw; default: Prohibit When traffic matches this rule, the action specified in this field will be executed. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Routing Action.

Route Reflector client [[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]

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