Template:Networking rutos manual routing: Difference between revisions

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     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Import config</td>
     <td>Import config</td>
         <td>-</td>
         <td>- (interactive button)</td>
         <td>Uploads an external BGP configuration.</td>
         <td>Uploads an external BGP configuration.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
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         <td>Description</td>
         <td>Description</td>
         <td>string; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>string; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>A custom description for this BGP peer. Used for easier management purposes.</td>
         <td>A custom description for this BGP peer. Used for easier management purposes only.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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====General Settings====
====General Settings====
----
----
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the BGP protocol. Below is an example of the RIP General Settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the RIP protocol. Below is an example of the RIP General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
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====RIP Interfaces====
====RIP Interfaces====
----
----
The <b>RIP Interfaces</b> section is used to configure special filters that restrict or allow access to specified networks for BGP Peers. Below is an example of the RIP Interfaces section which is empty by default.
The <b>RIP Interfaces</b> section is used to define which existing network interfaces can participate in RIP communication. Below is an example of the RIP Interfaces section which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_rip_interfaces.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_rip_rip_interfaces.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
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       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles RIP Interface on or off</td>
       <td>Turns a RIP Interface on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Interface</td>
       <td>Interface</td>
       <td>network interfaces; default: '''loopback'''</td>
       <td>network interface; default: <b>loopback</b></td>
       <td>Network interface to be used with the RIP interface</td>
       <td>Network interface that will be used with the RIP protocol.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Passive interface</td>
     <td>Passive interface</td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
         <td>Sets the specified interface to passive mode. On passive mode interface, all receiving packets are processed as normal and ripd does not send either multicast or unicast RIP packets
         <td>Sets the specified interface to passive mode. On passive mode interface, all receiving packets are processed as normal and <b>ripd</b> does not send either multicast or unicast RIP packets.</td>
</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Description</th>
       <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string on; default: <b>none</b></td>
      <td>A custom name for a filter. Used for easier management purposes only.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
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===OSPF Protocol===
===OSPF Protocol===
----
----
'''Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)''' is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 for IPv4.
<b>Open Shortest Path First</b> (<b>OSPF</b>) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 for IPv4.


====General Settings====
====General Settings====
----
----
Below is an example of OSPF '''General''' settings section.
The <b>General Settings</b> section is used to configure some of the main operating parameters of the OSPF protocol. Below is an example of the OSPF General Settings section.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_general_settings.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
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       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles OSPF Protocol on or off</td>
       <td>Turns OSPF Protocol usage on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Enable vty</td>
       <td>Enable vty</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles vty access on or off</td>
       <td>Turns vty access on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Import</td>
     <td>Import</td>
         <td>-</td>
         <td>- (interactive)</td>
         <td>Uses imported OSPF configurations</td>
         <td>Uploads a external OSPF configuration.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Router ID</td>
     <td>Router ID</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>32-bit integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Sets the router-ID of the OSPF process. The router-ID may be an IP address of the router, but need not be - it can be any arbitrary 32bit number</td>
         <td>Sets the router-ID in the OSPF network.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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====OSPF Interface====
====OSPF Interface====
----
----
Below is an example of '''OSPF Interface''' settings section.
The <b>OSPF Interfaces</b> section is used to define which existing network interfaces can participate in OSPF communication. Below is an example of the OSPF Interfaces section which is empty by default. To create a new OSPF Interface, simply click the 'Add' button:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_interface.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_interface_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


By pressing the '''Edit''' button you can find more settings related to '''OSPF Interface'''.
OSPF Interface configuration should look similar to this:


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_interface_begin_to_edit.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_interface_begin_to_edit.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
<table class="nd-mantable">
    <tr>
        <th>Field</th>
      <th>Value</th>
      <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Interface</td>
      <td>network interface; default: <b>loopback</b></td>
      <td>Network interface that will be used with the OSPF protocol.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns an OSPF Interface on or off.</td>
    </tr>
</table>
To see more settings for an OSPF interface, click the 'Edit' button next to it:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_interface_edit_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


You should directed to a window such as this:
You should directed to a window such as this:
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       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles OSPF area on or off</td>
       <td>Turns the OSPF area on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Cost</td>
         <td>Cost</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>The cost value is set to router-LSA’s metric field and used for SPF calculation</td>
         <td>The cost value is set to router-LSA’s metric field and used for SPF calculation.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Hello Interval</td>
         <td>Hello Interval</td>
         <td>default: '''10'''</td>
         <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>10</b></td>
         <td>This value controls how frequently (every n seconds) a 'Hello' packet is sent out on the specified interface</td>
         <td>Frequency (in seconds) at which a "Hello" packet is sent out on the specified interface.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Router Dead Interval</td>
         <td>Router Dead Interval</td>
         <td>default: '''40'''</td>
         <td>integer [1..65535]; default: <b>40</b></td>
         <td>This value must be the same for all routers attached to a common network</td>
         <td>This value must be the same for all routers attached to a common OSPF network.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Retransmit</td>
         <td>Retransmit</td>
         <td>default: '''5'''</td>
         <td>integer [0..65535]; default: <b>5</b></td>
         <td>This value is used when re-transmitting Database Description and Link State Request packets</td>
         <td>Used in Database Description and Link State Request packet re-transmission.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Priority</td>
         <td>Priority</td>
         <td>default: '''1'''</td>
         <td>integer [0..255]; default: <b>1</b></td>
         <td>The router with the highest priority will be more eligible to become Designated Router. Setting the value to 0, makes the router ineligible to become Designated Router</td>
         <td>OSPF router priority. The router with the highest priority will be more eligible to become the "Designated Router". Setting the value to 0, makes the router ineligible to become a "Designated Router."</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Type</td>
         <td>Type</td>
         <td>default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Broadcast <nowiki>|</nowiki> Nonbroadcast <nowiki>|</nowiki> Point-to-point <nowiki>|</nowiki> Point-to-multipointl default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>OSPF interface configuration type.</td>
         <td>OSPF interface configuration type.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
         <td>Authentication</td>
         <td>Authentication</td>
         <td>default: '''None'''</td>
         <td>None <nowiki>|</nowiki> Password <nowiki>|</nowiki> MD5 HMAC; default: <b>None</b></td>
         <td>Authentication method.</td>
         <td>Specifies the Authentication method.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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====OSPF Area====
====OSPF Area====
----
----
Below is an example of '''OSPF Area''' settings section.
An <b>OSPF Area</b> is a collection of OSPF Networks that can serve each other. Below is an example of the OSPF Area section which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To add a new OSPF area, look to the 'Add New Area' section. Enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button. Your new area will appear in the 'OSPF Area' list.
To add a new OSPF Area, look to the Add New Area section; enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button.
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
The newly added new Area will appear in the OSPF Area list.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_area_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
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       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Value</th>
       <th>Description</th>
       <th>Description</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Name</td>
      <td>string on; default: <b>none</b></td>
      <td>A custom name for an OSPF Area. Used for easier management purposes only.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Area</td>
      <td>32-bit integer; default: <b>none</b></td>
      <td>OSPF Area ID. OSPF Networks that are meant to communicate with each other should belong to the same Area (have the Area ID).</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>Toggles OSPF area on or off</td>
       <td>Turns an OSPF Area on or off.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Cost</td>
      <td>IP;default: <b>none</b></td>
      <td>Specifies OSPF area</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>
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====OSPF Networks====
====OSPF Networks====
----
----
Below is an example of '''OSPF Networks''' settings section.
The <b>OSPF Network</b> section is used to add networks to OSPF areas that can later be shared (provide access to) with other OSPF routers.
 
Below is an example of the OSPF Area section which is empty by default.


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_networks.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_networks.png|border|class=tlt-border]]


To add a new OSPF network, look to the 'Add New Network' section. Enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button. Your new network will appear in the 'OSPF Networks' list.
To add a new OSPF Network, look to the Add New Network section; enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button.
 
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_network_add_button.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
 
Your new network will appear in the OSPF Networks list


[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_networks_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_routing_dynamic_routes_ospf_protocol_ospf_networks_configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
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     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Enable</td>
       <td>Name</td>
       <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
       <td>string on; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>Toggles OSPF network on or off</td>
       <td>A custom name for an OSPF Area. Used for easier management purposes only.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Network</td>
       <td>Network</td>
       <td>[a.b.c.d/m]; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>ip/netmask; default: <b>none</b></td>
       <td>This command specifies the OSPF enabled interface. If the interface has an address from the range '''a.b.c.d/m''' then enables OSPF on this interface so the router can provide network information to the other OSPF routers via this interface</td>
       <td>IP address/netmask of a network. OSPF Network locations are shared with other OSPF routers.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
     <tr>
     <tr>
     <td>Area</td>
     <td>Area</td>
         <td>OSPF area; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>OSPF area; default: <b>none</b></td>
         <td>Specifies OSPF area</td>
         <td>ID of an OSPF Area (to which this network should belong to).</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Enable</td>
      <td>off <nowiki>|</nowiki> on; default: <b>off</b></td>
      <td>Turns the usage of this network (in OSPF) on or off.</td>
     </tr>
     </tr>
</table>
</table>

Revision as of 14:22, 20 October 2020

Template:Networking rutos manual fw disclosure

Summary

The Routing page is used to set up static routes, routing tables and rules.

This manual page provides an overview of the Routing windows in {{{name}}} devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Static Routes

Routes ensure that network traffic finds its path to a specified host or network, both in local and remote network scenarios. Static routes are simply fixed routing entries in the routing table(s).

This section provides the possibility to configure custom static routes.

Static IPv4 Routes

The Static IPv4 Routes section displays a list of user defined static IPv4 routes and provides the possibility to add and configure new ones. The list is empty by default.

To add a new route and begin editing, simply click the 'Add' button. Refer to the table below for information on static route configuration fields.

Field Value Description
Interface network interface; default: lan Network interface of the target network.
Target* ip4; default: none Destination network address.
IPv4-Netmask* netmask; default: none A netmask is used to divide an IP address into sub-networks (subnets). Combined together, the 'Netmask' and 'Target' values define the exact destination network or IP address to which this route applies.
IPv4-Gateway ip4; default: none A gateway can be any machine in a network that is capable of serving as an access point to another network. Traffic that matches this route will be directed over the IP address specified in this field.
Metric integer [0..255]; default: none The metric value acts as a measurement of priority. If a packet about to be routed matches two or more rules, the one with the lower metric is applied.
MTU integer [64..9000]; default: 1500 Sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction.
Route Type unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | unreachable | prohibit | backhole | anycast | -- custom -- ; default: unicast Selects route type. Each type specifies a different behavior for the route:
  • unicast - most common type of route, simply describes a path to a destination.
  • local - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used only for locally hosted IPs.
  • broadcast - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used by link layer devices that support the broadcast address principle.
  • multicast - used for distribution of multicast traffic.
  • unreachable - sends an ICMP "unreachable" response to the source address when a request for a routing decision returns a "destination with an unreachable route type" message.
  • prohibit - used to prohibit traffic to specified host or network. When a destination is prohibited, the kernel sends a 'Network is unreachable' response the source address.
  • blackhole - packets that match this type of route are discarded without any response.
  • anycast - provides a possibility to route incoming requests to multiple different network locations.
  • -- custom -- - does not use any of the predefined route types.

*Additional notes on 'Target' & 'Netmask' fields:

You can define a rule that applies to a single IP like this:

  • Target: some IP
  • Netmask: 255.255.255.255

Furthermore, you can create target/netmask combinations that apply to a range of IPs. Refer to the table below for examples.

Target Netmask Network range
192.168.2.0 255.255.255.240 192.168.2.0 - 192.168.2.15
192.168.2.240 255.255.255.240 192.168.2.240 - 192.168.2.255
192.168.2.161 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 - 192.168.55.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
192.168.2.161 255.255.255.255 192.168.2.161

Static IPv6 Routes

The Static IPv6 Routes section displays a list of user defined static IPv6 routes and provides the possibility to add and configure new ones. The list is empty by default.

To add a new route and begin editing, simply click the 'Add' button. Refer to the table below for information on static route configuration fields.

Field Value Description
Interface network interface; default: lan Network interface of the target network.
Target ip6; default: none Destination network address.
IPv6-Gateway ip6; default: none A gateway can be any machine in a network that is capable of serving as an access point to another network. Traffic that matches this route will be directed over the IP address specified in this field.
Metric integer [0..255]; default: none The metric value acts as a measurement of priority. If a packet about to be routed matches two or more rules, the one with the lower metric is applied.
MTU integer [64..9000]; default: 1500 Sets the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction.
Route Type unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | unreachable | prohibit | backhole | anycast | -- custom -- ; default: unicast Selects route type. Each type specifies a different behavior for the route:
  • unicast - most common type of route, simply describes a path to a destination.
  • local - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used only for locally hosted IPs.
  • broadcast - routes of this type are added to the 'local' routing table and used by link layer devices that support the broadcast address principle.
  • multicast - used for distribution of multicast traffic.
  • unreachable - sends an ICMP "unreachable" response to the source address when a request for a routing decision returns a "destination with an unreachable route type" message.
  • prohibit - used to prohibit traffic to specified host or network. When a destination is prohibited, the kernel sends a 'Network is unreachable' response the source address.
  • blackhole - packets that match this type of route are discarded without any response.
  • anycast - provides a possibility to route incoming requests to multiple different network locations.
  • -- custom -- - does not use any of the predefined route types.

Advanced Static Routes

The Advanced Static Routes section is used to configure policy-based routing infrastructures, which are usually used in more complex or specific networking scenarios.

Routing Tables

Routing Tables store network routes. Tables are checked before every routing decision until a matching route is found. Having multiple tables allows the user to set up a policy routing infrastructure. Policy-based routing is a technique where routing decisions are based on policies (rule) set by the user.

The 'Routing Tables' section displays user created routing tables. By default, the list is empty.

To create a new table, look to the 'Add New Routing Table' section below. Enter an ID for the new table in the range of [1..252], enter a custom name and click the 'Add' button. The new table should appear in the 'Routing Tables' list. Click the 'Edit' button next to it to begin editing.

Refer to the table below for information on configuration fields for routing tables.

Field Value Description
ID of Table integer [1..252]; default: none Unique numerical identifier for the table. A table can be invoked by the both its ID or name.
Name of Table string; default: none A custom name for the table. A table can be invoked by the both its ID or name.

Routing Rules For IPv4

Routing Rules provide a way to route certain packets with exceptions, i.e., in accordance to a rule. 'Routing Rules For IPv4' displays user defined routing rules. It is empty by default. To create a new rule, click the 'Add' button and begin editing by clicking the 'Edit' button located to the right of the newly created rule.

Refer to table below for information on each configuration field.

Field Value Description
Priority integer [0..65535]; default: none Controls the order of IP rules. Rules with a lower priority value will be checked first.
Incoming interface network interface | Any; default: Any Logical interface name for incoming traffic. Select 'Any' to make the rule apply to all network interfaces.
Outgoing interface network interface | None; default: None Logical interface name for incoming traffic. Select 'None' to ignore outgoing interface.
Source subnet netmask; default: none Source subnet to match the rule.
Destination subnet netmask; default: none Destination subnet to match the rule.
TOS Value to Match integer [0..255]; default: none The type of service (ToS) value to match in IP headers.
Firewall Mark integer [0..255] | hex [0x00..0xFF]; default: none Specifies the fwmark and optionally its mask to match. For example, 0xFF to match mark 255 or 0x0/0x1 to match any even mark value.
Invert matches off | on; default: off If enabled, the meaning of the match options (Firewall Mark, TOS Value, Source and Destination subnets) is inverted.
Matched Traffic Action Lookup Table | Jump to rule | Routing Action; default: Lookup Table When network traffic matches this rule, the device will take an action specified in this field:
  • Lookup Table - routes traffic in accordance with the specified routing table.
  • Jump to rule - specifies another routing rule to follow.
  • Routing Action - executes one of four predefined routing actions.
Lookup Table routing table; default: none Specifies a table for routing traffic that matches this rule. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Lookup Table.
Jump to rule rule priority number; default: none Specifies a another rule to follow for traffic that matches this rule. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Jump to rule.
Routing Action Prohibit | Unreachable | Blackhole | Throw; default: Prohibit When traffic matches this rule, the action specified in this field will be executed. This field is visible only when 'Matched Traffic Action' is set to Routing Action.

[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]

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