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Revision as of 15:46, 16 December 2021
Template:Networking rutos manual fw disclosure
Summary
The Interfaces page is used to to set up network interfaces.
This manual page provides an overview of the Interfaces page in {{{name}}} devices.
If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.
Network Interfaces
The Network Interfaces section displays interfaces currently existing on this device.
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_interfaces_network_interfaces_lan_{{{lan}}}_mobile_{{{mobile}}}_dualsim_{{{dualsim}}}_dualmodem_{{{dualmodem}}}_wired_{{{wired}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
Add Interface
The Add Interface section is used to create additional network interfaces. To create a new interface, simply enter a custom name for it and click the 'Add' button.
Interface configuration
This section provides information on network interface configuration. There are {{{no_of_if}}} main types of interfaces on the device:
- Ethernet LAN
Different types of interfaces can be configured under different protocols:
| Static | DHCP | DHCPv6 | PPPoE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethernet LAN |  |
To begin configuring an interface, click the 'Edit' button on the right side of the interface:
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_interfaces_network_interfaces_edit_button_lan_{{{lan}}}.png]]
General Setup
The General Setup section is used to configure the protocol of an interface and all the different parameters that go along with each protocol. If None protocol is chosen, all other interface settings will be ignored. The following sections are different for each protocol.
General Setup: Static
The static protocol uses a predefined manual configuration instead of obtaining parameters automatically via a DHCP lease.
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_interfaces_interface_configuration_general_setup_static_ip_lan_{{{lan}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IPv4 address | ip4; default[for LAN]: 192.168.1.1 | The IPv4 address interface of this interface. An IP address identifies a device on a network and allows it to communicate with other devices. |
| IPv4 netmask | netmask; default[for LAN]: 255.255.255.0 | The IPv4 netmask of this interface. A netmask is used to define how "large" a network is by specifying which part of the IP address denotes the network and which part denotes a device. |
| IPv4 gateway | ip4; default: none | The IPv4 gateway address used by this interface. An interface's default gateway is the default address through which all outgoing traffic is directed. |
| IPv4 broadcast | ip4; default: none | The IPv4 broadcast address used by this interface. IP broadcasts are used by BOOTP and DHCP clients to find and send requests to their respective servers. |
| DNS servers | ip4; default: none | DNS server addresses that this interface will use. If left empty, DNS servers are assigned automatically. To see what DNS servers are currently used, you can check the contents of the /tmp/resolv.conf.auto file. |
General Setup: DHCP
The DHCP protocol is used to set up an interface which obtains its configuration parameters automatically via a DHCP lease.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hostname to send when requesting DHCP | string; default: none | A hostname for this interface used to identify this machine on the DHCP server. |
General Setup: DHCPv6
The DHCPv6 protocol is used to set up an IPv6 interface which obtains its configuration parameters automatically via a DHCP lease.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Request IPv6-address | try | force | disabled; default: try | Defines the behaviour for requesting an address. |
| Request IPv6-prefix of length | integer [0..64] | Automatic | disabled ; default: Automatic | Defines how this will request a IPv6 ULA-Prefix length. If set to 'disabled' the interface will obtain a single IPv6 address without a subnet for routing. |
General Setup: PPPoE
The PPPoE protocol is used to set up a PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) connection over the Ethernet port.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PAP/CHAP username | string; default: none | Username used in PAP/CHAP authentication. |
| PAP/CHAP password | string; default: none | Password used in PAP/CHAP authentication. |
| Access Concentrator | string; default: none | The Access Concentrator to connect to. ISPs used Access Concentrators to route their PPPoE connections. Usually, the settings are received automatically, however in some cases it is required to specify the name for an Access Concentrator. Leave empty to detect Access Concentrators automatically. |
| Service name | string; default: none | The Service Name to connect to. Leave empty to detect Service name automatically. |
Advanced Settings
The Advanced Settings section is used to set up some of the more specific and less frequently used interface parameters. This section is different for each protocol.
Advanced Settings: Static
Advanced Settings information for Static protocol is provided in the table below.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bring up on boot | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether the interface should be launched during the boot process. If set to off, the interface would have to be brought up manually after each boot. |
| Use built in IPv6-management | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to enable prefix delegation. |
| Force link | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether interface settings (IP, route, gateway) are assigned to the interface regardless of the link being active or only after the link has become active. |
| Use broadcast flag | off | on; default: off | Required for certain ISPs. For example, Charter with DOCSIS 3. |
| Use default gateway | off | on; default: on | When checked, creates a default route for the interface. |
| Use gateway metric | integer; default: 3 | A metric specifies the priority of the gateway. The lower the metric, the higher the priority (0 for highest priority). |
| Use custom DNS servers | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. |
| Client ID to send when requesting DHCP | string; default: none | Client ID which will be sent when requesting a DHCP lease. |
| Vendor Class to send when requesting DHCP | string; default: none | Vendor class which will be sent when requesting a DHCP lease. |
| Override MAC address | mac; default: none | When set, uses a user-defined MAC address for the interface instead of the default one. |
| Override MTU | integer [1..9200]; default: none | Changes the interface's allowed maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction. |
| IP4table | integer [0..99999999]; default: none | ID of the routing table in [[{{{name}}}_Routing#Routing_Tables|Routing tables]] page. |
Advanced Settings: DHCP
Advanced Settings information for DHCP protocol is provided in the table below.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bring up on boot | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether the interface should be launched during the boot process. If set to off, the interface would have to be brought up manually after each boot. |
| Use built-in IPv6 management | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to enable prefix delegation. |
| Force link | off | on; default: off | Specifies whether interface settings (IP, route, gateway) are assigned to the interface regardless of the link being active or only after the link has become active. |
| IP4table | integer [0..99999999]; default: none | ID of the routing table in [[{{{name}}}_Routing#Routing_Tables|Routing tables]] page. |
| Use broadcast flag | off | on; default: off | Required for certain ISPs. For example, Charter with DOCSIS 3. |
| Use default gateway | off | on; default: on | When checked, creates a default route for the interface. |
| Use DNS servers advertised by peer | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. |
| Use custom DNS servers | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. Note: this field only becomes visible when Use DNS servers advertised by peer is set to off |
| Use gateway metric | integer; default: none | A metric specifies the priority of the gateway. The lower the metric, the higher the priority (0 for highest priority). |
| Client ID to send when requesting DHCP | string; default: none | Client ID which will be sent when requesting a DHCP lease. |
| Vendor Class to send when requesting DHCP | string; default: none | Vendor class which will be sent when requesting a DHCP lease. |
| Override MAC address | mac; default: none | When set, uses a user-defined MAC address for the interface instead of the default one. |
| Override MTU | integer [1..9200]; default: none | Changes the interfaces allowed maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction. |
Advanced Settings: DHCPv6
Advanced Settings information for DHCPv6 protocol is provided in the table below.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bring up on boot | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether the interface should be launched during the boot process. If set to off, the interface would have to be brought up manually after each boot. |
| Use built in IPv6-management | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to enable prefix delegation. |
| Force link | off | on; default: off | Specifies whether interface settings (IP, route, gateway) are assigned to the interface regardless of the link being active or only after the link has become active. |
| IP4table | integer [0..99999999]; default: none | ID of the routing table in [[{{{name}}}_Routing#Routing_Tables|Routing tables]] page. |
| Use default gateway | off | on; default: on | When checked, creates a default route for the interface. |
| Use DNS servers advertised by peer | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. |
| Use custom DNS servers | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. Note: this field only becomes visible when Use DNS servers advertised by peer is set to off |
| Custom delegated IPv6-prefix | ip6 prefix; default: none | Uses an (additional) user-provided IPv6 prefix for distribution to clients. |
| Client ID to send when requesting DHCP | string; default: none | Client ID which will be sent when requesting a DHCP lease. |
| Override MAC address | mac; default: none | When set, uses a user-defined MAC address for the interface instead of the default one. |
| Override MTU | integer [1..9200]; default: none | Changes the interface's allowed maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. It is the largest size of a protocol data unit (PDU) that can be transmitted in a single network layer transaction. |
Advanced Settings: PPPoE
Advanced Settings information for PPPoE protocol is provided in the table below.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bring up on boot | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether the interface should be launched during the boot process. If set to off, the interface would have to be brought up manually after each boot. |
| Use built-in IPv6 management | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to enable prefix delegation. |
| Force link | off | on; default: off | Specifies whether interface settings (IP, route, gateway) are assigned to the interface regardless of the link being active or only after the link has become active. |
| IP4table | integer [0..99999999]; default: none | ID of the routing table in [[{{{name}}}_Routing#Routing_Tables|Routing tables]] page. |
| Obtain IPv6 address | Automatic | Disabled | Manual; default: Automatic | Defines behaviour for obtaining an IPv6 address. |
| Use default gateway | off | on; default: on | When checked, creates a default route for the interface. |
| Use gateway metric | integer; default: none | A metric specifies the priority of the gateway. The lower the metric, the higher the priority (0 for highest priority). |
| Use DNS servers advertised by peer | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. |
| Use custom DNS servers | off | on; default: on | Specifies whether to use DNS servers obtained automatically or specified manually. Note: this field only becomes visible when Use DNS servers advertised by peer is set to off |
| LCP echo failure threshold | integer; default: none | Presumes peer to be dead after given amount of LCP echo failures. Leave it at 0 to ignore failures. |
| LCP echo interval | integer; default: none | Sends LCP echo requests at the given interval in seconds. This function is only effective in conjunction with failure threshold. |
| Host-Uniq tag content | raw hex-encoded bytes; default: none | Leave empty unless your ISP require this. |
| Inactivity timeout | mac; default: none | Close inactive connection after the given amount of seconds. Leave it at 0 to persist connection. |
| Override MTU | integer [1..1500]; default: none | Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) – specifies the largest possible size of a data packet. |
Physical Settings
The Physical Settings section is used to create associations with physical interfaces and bridge network interfaces.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bridge interfaces | off | on; default: off | Bridges physical interfaces specified in this configuration. |
| Enable STP | off | on; default: off | Turns the use of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) for this interface on or off. Note: this field becomes visible when 'Bridge interfaces' is set to on. |
| Interface | network interface(s); default: none | Ties this network interface to physical device interfaces such as Ethernet . |
Firewall Settings
The Firewall Settings section is used to specify to which firewall zone if any this interface belongs. Assigning an interface to a zone may provide easier configuration of firewall rules. For example, instead of configuring separate rules for each WAN interface, you can add all WAN interfaces into a single firewall zone and make the rule apply to that zone instead.
More firewall zone settings can be configured from the Network → Firewall → General Settings → [[{{{name}}}_Firewall#Zones|Zones]] section.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Create / Assign firewall-zone | firewall zone; default: none | Assigns this interface to the specified firewall zone. |
DHCP Server
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server is a service that can automatically configure the TCP/IP settings of any device that requests such a service. If you connect a device that has been configured to obtain an IP address automatically, the DHCP server will lease out an IP address from the available IP pool and the device will be able to communicate within the private network.
To make the DHCP Server section visible, set interface protocol to Static.
DHCP Server: General Setup
The General Setup section is used to set up the main operating parameters of the DHCP server.
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_interfaces_interface_configuration_dhcp_server_general_setup_lan_{{{lan}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Enable DHCP | Enable | Disable | DHCP Relay*; default: Enable | Turns the DHCP server on or off or enables DHCP relay*. If DHCP Relay* is selected, you will be prompted to enter an IP address of another DHCP server in your LAN. In this case, whenever a new machine connects to this device, it will redirect any DHCP requests to the specified DHCP Server. |
| Start | integer [1..255]; default: 100 | The starting IP address value. e.g., if your device’s LAN IP is 192.168.1.1 and your subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 that means that in your network a valid IP address has to be in the range of [192.168.1.0..192.168.1.254] (192.168.1.255 is a special unavailable address). If the Start value is set to 100 then the DHCP server will only lease out addresses starting from 192.168.1.100. |
| Limit | integer [1..255]; default: 150 | How many addresses the DHCP server can lease out. Continuing from the example above: if the start address is 192.168.1.100 and the server can lease out 150 addresses, available addresses will be from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.249 (100 + 150 – 1 = 249; this is because the first address is inclusive). |
| Lease time | integer [1..999999]; default: 12 integer [2..999999]* integer [120..999999]** |
A DHCP lease will expire after the amount of time specified in this field and the device that was using the lease will have to request a new one. However, if the device stays connected, its lease will be renewed after half of the specified amount of time passes (e.g., if lease time is 12 hours, then every 6 hours the device will ask the DHCP server to renew its lease). The minimal amount of time that can be specified is 2 minutes. *If selected Units is Minutes. **If selected Units is seconds. |
| Units | Hours | Minutes | Seconds; default: Hours | Lease time units. |
* When an interface is set to act as a DHCP Relay, it redirects all received DHCP request messages to another specified DHCP server:
DHCP Server: Advanced Settings
Refer to the table below for information on the Advanced Settings section.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic DHCP | off | on; default: on | Enables dynamic allocation of client addresses. If this is disabled, only clients that have static IP leases will be served. |
| Force | off | on; default: off | The DHCP force function ensures that the device will always start it’s DHCP server, even if there is another DHCP server already running in the its network. By default the device’s DHCP server will not start when it is connected to a network segment that already has a working DHCP server. |
| IPv4 Netmask | netmask; default: none | Sends a different netmask than the LAN netmask to DHCP clients. |
| DHCP Options | dhcp options; default: none | Additional options to be added to the DHCP server. For example with '26,1470' or 'option:mtu, 1470' you can assign an MTU value per DHCP. You can find more information on DHCP Options here. |
DHCP Server: IPv6 Settings
Refer to the table below for information on the IPv6 Settings section.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Router Advertisement Service | Disabled | Relay mode | Server mode | Hybrid mode; default: Disabled | Specifies whether router advertisements should be enabled (server mode), relayed or disabled. |
| DHCPv6 Service | Disabled | Relay mode | Server mode | Hybrid mode; default: Disabled | Specifies whether DHCPv6 server should be enabled (server), relayed (relay) or disabled (disabled). |
| NDP Proxy | Disabled | Relay mode | Hybrid mode; default: Disabled | Specifies whether NDP should be relayed or disabled. |
| DHCPv6 Mode | Stateless | Stateful-only | Stateless + stateful; default: Stateless + stateful | Router announcement (RA) mode. |
| Always announce default router | off | on; default: off | Default router lifetime in the the router announcement (RA) message will be set if default route is present and a global IPv6 address or if default route is present but no global IPv6 address or neither of both conditions. |
| Announced DNS server | ip; default: none | Supplements DHCP-assigned DNS server entries with ones specified in this field. |
| Announced DNS domains | ip; default: none | DNS domain handed out to DHCP clients. |
Static Lease
Static IP leases are used to reserve specific IP addresses for specific devices by binding them to their MAC address. This is useful when you have a stationary device connected to your network that you need to reach frequently, e.g., printer, IP phone, etc.
This section displays static IP leases currently existing on this device.
To make the Static Lease section visible, set interface protocol to Static.
The Static Lease list is empty by default. To add a new Static Lease look to the Add Lease section; enter a custom name for the lease and click the 'Add' button.
You should be redirected to the Settings page for that lease, which should look similar to this:
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| MAC address | mac; default: none | MAC address of a device that will connect to this network interface. |
| IP address | ip; default: none | The IP address that will be reserved for the specified device. |
After you click 'Save & Apply' you will be redirected back to the Network Interfaces page. If you wish to modify the lease later, you can find in the Static Lease list. Simply click the 'Edit' button next to it in order to enter the Settings page for the Static Lease.
UDP Broadcast Relay
The UDP Broadcast Relay will listen for broadcast traffic on the specified port and relay that traffic to the specified interface(s).
Note: UDP Broadcast Relay is additional software that can be installed from the Services → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.
| Field | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Enable | off | on; default: off | Turns UDP Broadcast Relay on or off. |
| Port | integer [0..655353]; default: none | UDP port to listen for broadcast traffic. |
| Interfaces | network interface(s); default: none | The interface(s) to which the traffic will be redirected to. |
[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]