Template:Networking rutos manual administration

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Revision as of 11:10, 24 October 2023 by Gytispieze (talk | contribs) (Text replacement - "\{\{Template: Networking_rutos_manual_fw_disclosure (.*) (.*) (.*) (.*) \}\}" to "{{Template: Networking_device_manual_fw_disclosure | series = {{{series}}} | name = {{{name}}} | fw_version ={{Template: Networking_device_manual_latest_fw | series = {{{series}}} | name = {{{name}}} }} }}")

The information in this page is updated in accordance with firmware version .


Summary

This page is an overview of the Administration section of {{{name}}} devices.

General

The General section is used to set up some of device managerial parameters, such as changing device name. For more information on the General section, refer to figure and table below.

Field Value Description
General Settings
Language English | Turkish* | Spanish* | Portuguese* | German* | Japanese*; default: English Changes the router's WebUI language.
Configuration Mode Basic | Advanced; default: Basic Mode determines what options and configurations are shown. In Basic mode only the essential configurations are shown. In Advanced mode there is greater freedom to configure and access more options.
Device name and hostname
Device name string; default: {{{name}}} Device model name.
Hostname string; default: Teltonika-{{{name}}}.com Device hostname. This can be used for communication with other LAN hosts.
LED Indication
Enable off | on; default: on Manages signal strength, LAN and connection status indication LEDs.
Reset Button Configuration
Min time integer [0..60]; default: none Minimum time (in seconds) the button needs to be held to perform an action.
Max time integer [1..60]; default: none Maximum time (in seconds) the button can be held to perform an action, after which no action will be performed.

* Different language packages can be downloaded separately from the System → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.

Date & Time

Summary

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. This chapter is an overview of the NTP section for {{{name}}} devices.

General

The Time Synchronization section lets you select time zone and synchronize the time.

The figure below is an example of the Time Synchronization section and the table below provides information about the fields contained in that section:

[[File:Networking_rutos_ntp_general_gps_{{{gps}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

Field Value Description
Current system time time; default: none Current local time of the device.
Sync with browser -(interactive button) Click to synchronize device time and time zone to browsers, if your device time or time zone is not correct.
Time zone time zone; default: UTC The device will sync time in accordance with the selected time zone.

NTP

This section is used to configure NTP client, server and time servers.

Time Synchronization

This section is used to configure the device's time settings.

[[File:Networking_rutos_ntp_ntp_time_synchronization_{{{mobile}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

Field Value Description
Enable NTP Client off | on; default: on Turns NTP on or off.
Save time to flash off | on; default: off Saves last synchronized time to flash memory.
Force Servers off | on; default: off Forces unreliable NTP servers.
Update interval (in seconds) integer; default: 86400 How often the device will update the time.
Offset frequency integer; default: 0 Adjusts the minor drift of the clock so that it will run more accurately.
Count of time synchronizations integer; default: none The amount of times the device will perform time synchronizations. Leave empty in order to set to infinite.

Time Servers

This section is used to specify which time servers the device will use for time synchronization. To add more time servers to the list, click the 'Add' button.

Field Value Description
Hostname ip | url; default: 0.openwrt.pool.ntp.org NTP servers that this device uses to sync time.

NTP Server

The device can also act as an NTP Server, providing clock synchronization to other devices in the network. From this section you can turn this feature on or off:

NTPD

The NTPD program is an operating system daemon that synchronizes the system clock to remote NTP time servers or local reference clocks. NTPD includes the ability to use this to keep your clock in sync and will run more accurately than a clock on a device not running NTPD. NTPD will also use several servers to improve accuracy. It is a complete implementation of NTP version 4 defined by RFC-5905, but also retains compatible with version 3 defined by RFC-1305 and versions 1 and 2, defined by RFC-1059 and RFC-1119, respectively.

Note: NTPD is additional software that can be installed from the System → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.

Field Value Description
Enable NTPD off | on; default: off Turns NTPD on or off.
Enable NTP config from file off | on; default: off Run NTPD with uploaded configuration file.
NTP configuration file .conf file; default: none Upload a custom configuration file.
Server ip | url; default: 0.openwrt.pool.ntp.org NTP servers that this device uses to sync time.
Enable Server off | on; default: off Enables NTPD server to make the router act as an NTP server so that it can provide time synchronization services for other network devices.

User Settings

Change Password

The User settings section is used to change the password of the current user.

System Users

Summary

The System Users page is used to add new user accounts that can access the device with different user credentials than the default ones. The newly added users can be assigned to one of two groups, either of which can be modified to limit WebUI read/write access rights for users belonging to each specific group.

This page is unrelated to SSH users. By default, there is one SSH user named "root" and it shares the same password as the default WebUI user named "admin".

This manual page provides an overview of the Users page in {{{name}}} devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Groups

The Groups section lists available user groups of which there are three:

  • root - highest level of authority. Key elements that define this group:
    • has unlimited read/write access;
    • additional users cannot be added to this group;
    • access rights for this group cannot be modified.

  • admin - second highest level of authority. Key elements that define this group:
    • limited read access; by default, users belonging to this group cannot view these pages:
      • System → Administration → Users Settings → System Users
      • System → Administration → Profiles
      • System → Maintenance → Backup
      • System → Firmware
      • System → Maintenance → CLI
      • System → Setup Wizard
      • System → Maintenance → Custom Scripts
    • limited write access; by default, users belonging to this group cannot view these pages:
      • System → Administration → Users Settings → System Users
      • System → Maintenance → Backup
      • System → Firmware
      • System → Maintenance → CLI
      • System → Setup Wizard
      • System → Maintenance → Custom Scripts
      • System → Administration → Access Control → General
      • System → Administration → Profiles
    • access rights can be modified.

  • user - lowest level of authority. Key elements that define this group:
    • no write access;
    • limited read access; by default, users belonging to this group cannot view these pages:
      • System → Administration → Users Settings → System Users
      • System → Firmware
      • System → Maintenance → Backup
      • System → Administration → Access Control
      • System → Maintenance → CLI
      • System → Maintenance → Custom Scripts
      • System → Maintenance → Troubleshoot
      • System → Package Manager
      • Network
      • System → Setup Wizard
      • Services → Hotspot → General → Userscripts
    • access rights can be modified.

Additional note: you can view and/or edit settings for each group by clicking the 'Edit' button next to them. More on information on how to edit group access settings is located in the following section of this manual page.

Group Settings (edit group)

A group's parameters can be set in its Group Settings page. To access the Groups Settings page, click the 'Edit' button next to the group's name. Below is an example of the Group Settings section:

Field Value Description
Write action Allow | Deny; default: Allow Specifies whether to deny or allow write access for users belonging the group.
Write access path(s) to page(s); default:
  • System > Administration > User Settings > Change Password
 Controls the ability of users to change and execute the contents (e.g. Network > Lan).
Read action Allow | Deny; default: Deny Specifies whether to deny or allow read access for users belonging the group.
Read access path(s) to page(s); default: in the picture above Path(s) to the page(s) to which the selected "Read action" will be applied. Click the plus symbol to add more entries.
Examples

The easiest way to master the syntax is to navigate to page that you want to generate a path for and the copy the path from the URL of that page.

For example, to specify the path to the Network → Mobile page, navigate to the page, copy the page's URL address starting from the symbol "#" and paste it into one of the access fields:

However, the VPN window contains links to many different types of VPN pages. If you want to specify only one of them, you can do it as well. For example, to to specify the path to the IPsec page, add "/ipsec" to the path string: 

services/vpn/ipsec

An asterisk (*) in the path string means that the every page from that point on is included in that path. For example, to generate a path that includes pages in the Services menu tab: 

services/*

Or to simply include everything in the entire WebUI (if this path is combined with Read action: Deny, users from that group will not be able to login to the WebUI): 

*

Users

The Users section lists all created users and provides the possibility to change their passwords and the group they belong to (with the exception of the default user "admin" which always belongs to the root group).

By default, there is only one user called "admin":

User Settings (edit user)

Each user's password and group parameters can be set in their User Settings pages. To access the User Settings page, click the 'Edit' button next to the user's name.

However, you may want to add a new user at first. This can be done from the [[{{{name}}}_Users#Add_New_User|Add New User]] section below:

  1. create a username;
  2. create a password for the user (must contain at least 8 characters, including at least one upper case letter and one digit);
  3. click the 'Add' button;
  4. click the 'Edit' next to newly added user.

Below is an example of a newly added user's settings page:

Field Value Description
Username string; default: none Displays the user's name.
New password string; default: none
  • Create a new password for the user. The password must contain at least 8 characters, including at least one upper case letter and one digit.
  • Another option is to use the 'Dice' icon, which generates random passwords.
    		•
    Confirm new password string; default: none Repeat the new password.
    Group admin | user; default: user The group to which the user belongs.
    Enable SSH access off | on; default: off Enables SSH access (only for 'root' users).

    Add New User

    The Add New User section is used to create additional users that can access the WebUI. After a new user is added, it will appear in the [[{{{name}}} Users#Users|Users]] section.

    Field Value Description
    Username string; default: none A custom name for the new user.
    Password string; default: none
  • A password for the new user. The password must contain at least 8 characters, including at least one upper case letter and one digit.
  • Another option is to use the 'Dice' icon, which generates random passwords.
    		•

    Access Control

    General

    The Access Control page is used to manage remote and local access to device.

    Important: turning on remote access leaves your device vulnerable to external attackers. Make sure you use a strong password.

    SSH

    Field Value Description
    Enable SSH access off | on; default: on Turns SSH access from the local network (LAN) on or off.
    Remote SSH access off | on; default: off Turns SSH access from remote networks (WAN) on or off.
    Port integer [0..65535]; default: 22 Selects which port to use for SSH access.
    Enable key-based authentication off | on; default: off Use public keys for authentication.


    WebUI

    Field Value Description
    Enable HTTP access off | on; default: on Turns HTTP access from the local network (LAN) to the device WebUI on or off.
    Enable HTTPS access off | on; default: on Turns HTTPS access from the local network (LAN) to the device WebUI on or off.
    Redirect to HTTPS off | on; default: off Redirects connection attempts from HTTP to HTTPS.
    Enable remote HTTP access off | on; default: off Turns HTTP access from remote networks (WAN) to the device WebUI on or off.
    Port integer [0..65535]; default: 80 Selects which port to use for HTTP access.
    Enable remote HTTPS access off | on; default: off Turns HTTPS access from remote networks (WAN) to the device WebUI on or off.
    Port integer [0..65535]; default: 443 Selects which port to use for HTTPS access.
    Ignore private IPs on public interface off | on; default: on Prevent access from private (RFC1918) IPs on an interface if it has an public IP address.
    Certificate files from device off | on; default: on Choose this option if you want to select certificate files from device. Certificate files can be generated in [[{{{name}}} Administration#Certificates|Certificates]] section.
    Server certificate .crt; default: uhttpd.crt Server certificate file.
    Server key .key; default: uhttpd.key Server key file.


    CLI

    Field Value Description
    Enable CLI off | on; default: on Turns CLI access from the local network (LAN) on or off.
    Enable remote CLI off | on; default: off Turns CLI access from remote networks (WAN) on or off.
    Port range range of integers [0..65534]-[1..65535]; default: 4200-4220 Selects which ports to use for CLI access.
    Shell limit integer [1..10]; default: 5 Maximum number of active CLI connections.


    Telnet

    Field Value Description
    Enable Telnet access off | on; default: on Turns Telnet access from the local network (LAN) on or off.
    Enable remote Telnet access off | on; default: off Turns Telnet access from remote networks (WAN) on or off.
    Port range integer [0..65535]; default: 23 Selects which port to use for Telnet access.

    PAM

    Note: PAM is additional software that can be installed from the System → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.

    Modify PAM Auth

    Field Value Description
    Enable off | on; default: on Turns the PAM auth on or off.
    Module TACACS+ | Radius | Local; default: Local Specifies the PAM module that implements the service.
    Type Required | Requisite | Sufficient | Optional; default: Required Determines the continuation or failure behavior for the module
    TACACS+/Radius: Server ip4 | ip6; default: none The IP address of the RADIUS server
    TACACS+/Radius: Secret string; default: none RADIUS shared secret
    Radius: Port integer [0..65535]; default: 1812 RADIUS server authentication port
    Radius: Timeout integer [3..10]; default: 3 Timeout in seconds waiting for RADIUS server reply.

    Security

    The Security tab provides the possibility to enable/disable blocking IP's service and delete blocked devices from the list.

    IP Block Settings

    Field Value Description
    Enable off | on; default: on Enable or disable blocking IP's if they have reached the set amount of failed times.
    Fail count integer [1..1000]; default: 10 An amount of times IP address can try to access SSH or WebUI before being blocked.
    Clean after reboot off | on; default: off If enabled, blocked loging attempts list will be cleared on device reboot.
    Enable MAC blockig off | on; default: off If enabled, MAC adresses wil be blocked.

    Login Attempts

    Field Value Description
    Source address IP address Shows the IP address from which the connection failed.
    Device port Port number Shows the port number from which the connection failed.
    Destination address IP address Shows yours device IP adress
    Protocol Connection protocol Displays the connection protocol used for connection.
    Failed atempts Number Shows the number of failed attempts to connect to device.
    Status - | Blocked Indicates whether the source address is blocked or not.
    Reset Check box Allows you to select multiple IP addresses.
    Unblock all -(interactive button) Unblocks all source adresses from the list.
    Unblock selected -(interactive button) Unblocks selected source adresses from the list.


    Recipients

    The Recipients section is used to configure phone groups and email users, which can later be used along with SMS or email related services, such as [[{{{name}}} Events Reporting|Events Reporting]].

    Phone Groups

    A Phone Group is a collection of phone numbers that can be used as the recipient in SMS & call related services instead of specifying every number individually. The phone group list is empty by default thus, you must first add at least one new group before you can add phone numbers to it. To create and begin editing a phone group, follow these steps:

    1. Enter a custom name for the phone group into the 'Name' field.
    2. Click the 'Add' button.
    3. Click the 'Edit' button next to the newly added phone group.

    After clicking 'Edit' you should be redirected to that phone group's configuration page where you can start adding phone numbers to it.

    Field Value Description
    Group name string; default: none Name of this phone numbers group.
    Phone number string; default: none A phone number entry for this group. Numbers that consist of 0-9*+# characters are accepted. Click the plus symbol to add more entries.

    Email Accounts

    When email related services (such as [[{{{name}}} Events Reporting|Events Reporting]]) are used, the device logs in to the specified email account and reads the inbox (e.g., Email to SMS) or sends out a message (e.g., SMS to Email) depending on the configured service. In this context, an Email Account is an configuration instance that contains the necessary data required in order to log into an email account.

    The email accounts list is empty by default thus, you must first add at least one new account before you can configure it. To create and begin editing an email account, follow these steps:

    1. Enter a custom name for the email account into the 'Name' field.
    2. Click the 'Add' button.
    3. Click the 'Edit' button next to the newly added email account.

    After clicking 'Edit' you should be redirected to that email account's settings page where you can start configuring the account.

    Field Value Description
    Secure connection off | on; default: off Use if your SMTP server supports TLS or SSL encryption.
    SMTP server string; default: none Name of the email service provider's SMTP server.
    SMTP server port integer [0..65535]; default: none Port of the email service provider's SMTP server.
    Credentials off | on; default: off This options allows you to set username and password of email account.
    Username string; default: none Username used to authenticate to the email service.
    Password string; default: none Password used to authenticate to the email service..
    Sender's email address string; default: none Configured SMTP server user's email address.
    Send test email - (interactive button) Sends an email based on the current configuration. This is used to test whether the configuration works as intended.

    Certificates

    The Certificates page is used for convenient TLS certificate and key generation and management. Generated files can be exported and used on other machines or locally on this device with functions that use TLS/SSL, such as [[{{{name}}} MQTT|MQTT]], [[{{{name}}} VPN#OpenVPN|OpenVPN]], [[{{{name}}} VPN#IPsec|IPsec]] and others.

    Certificate Generation

    The Certificate Generation tab provides the possibility to generate TLS certificates required for secure authentication and communication encryption used by some of the devices services.

    There are five distinct generation methods (denoted by the selected 'File Type').

    1. Simple - generates and signs a set of 2048 bit certificate and key files that include:
      • Certificate Authority (CA)
      • Server certificate & key
      • Client certificate & key
      • DH Parameters
      The CA file generated with this option automatically signs the certificates. In short, this option is used for convenience as it doesn't let the user set any additional parameters for the certificate files. Therefore, it should be used only when no other specific requirements are expected.
    2. CA - generates a Certificate Authority (CA) file. A CA is a type of certificate file that certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. In other words, it assures clients that they are connecting to a trusted server and vice versa.
    3. Server - generates a server certificate and key. A server certificate validates a server's identity to connecting clients, while a key is responsible for encryption.
    4. Client - generates a client certificate and key. A client certificate validates a client's identity to the server that it's connecting to, while a key is responsible for encryption.
    5. DH Parameters - generates a Diffie-Hellman (DH) parameters file. DH parameters are used in symmetric encryption to protect and define how OpenSSL key exchange is performed.

    Generation Parameters

    Generating each type of file (excluding 'Simple') requires setting some parameters. This section provides an overview for parameters used in TLS certificate generation.

    Core parameters or simply parameters that apply to each file type are the size and common name of the generated file(s).

    Field Value Description
    Key Size integer; default: 2048 Generated key size in bits. Larger keys provide more security but take longer to generate. A 2048 bit is the preferred option.
    Name (CN) string; default: cert Common Name (CN), aka Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is a parameter that defines the name of the certificate. It should be chosen with care as it is not only used for easier management. For example, the Common Name should typically hostname of the server. It may also be used to differentiate clients in order to apply client-specific settings.

    Subject information is not mandatory but can be used as user-friendly way to identify the ownership of certificate files by including such information as the owner's location and company name.

    The Sign the certificate slider control whether the certificate will be signed automatically or manually after the generation is complete.

    Field Value Description
    Days Valid integer; default: 3650 Length of the signature's validity.
    CA File Name filename; default: none Selects which CA file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
    CA key filename; default: none Selects which CA key file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
    Delete Signing Request off | on; default: off Generation creates additional 'signing request' files (which appear under the Certificate Manager tab) that are later used to sign the generated certificates. When this option is set to 'on', the device deletes the signing request files after the signing process is complete.

    A Private Key Decryption Password is a parameter used to decrypt private keys protected by a password.

    Certificate Signing

    The Certificate Signing section is used to validate (sign) unsigned certificates.

    Field Value Description
    Signed Certificate Name string; default: none Name of the signed certificate.
    Type of Certificate to Sign Certificate Authority | Client Certificate | Server Certificate; default: Certificate Authority Specifies what type of file will be signed.
    Certificate Request File file; default: none Specifies the signing request file linked to the certificate.
    Days Valid integer; default: none Length of the signature's validity.
    Certificate Authority File filename; default: none Selects which CA file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
    Certificate Authority Key filename; default: none Selects which CA key file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
    Delete Signing Request off | on; default: off Generation creates additional 'signing request' files (which appear under the Certificate Manager tab) that are later used to sign the generated certificates. When this option is set to 'on', the device deletes the signing request files after the signing process is complete.
    Sign - (interactive button) Signs the certificate on click.

    Certificate Manager

    The Certificate Manager page displays information on all certificate and key files stored on the device and provides the possibility export these files for use on another machine or import files generated elsewhere.

    Certificate Import

    The Certificate Import section provides the possibility to import certificates and files generated on another machine. To upload such a file simply click 'Browse' and locate the file on your computer, it should then start uploading automatically.

    Certificates, Keys & Requests

    The Certificates, Keys and Requests section display files generated on or imported to the device along with the most important information related to them.

    By default, the lists are empty. A set certificates generated using 'Simple' file type would look something like this:

    The 'Export' buttons are used to download the files from the device onto your local machine. The 'X' buttons located to the right of each entry are used to delete related files.

    Root CA

    The Root CA section is used to add a root CA certificate file to the device. There is a default file already preloaded on the device which will be overwritten by any uploaded file. The certificates must be in .pem format, maximum file size is 300 KB. These certificates are only needed if you want to use HTTPS for your services and the default file should be sufficient in most cases.

    Profiles

    Summary

    Configuration profiles provide a way to create multiple distinct device configuration sets and apply them to the device based on current user requirements. This chapter is an overview of the Profiles page in {{{name}}} devices.

    Configuration Profiles

    This section displays user defined configuration profiles:

    To create a new profile, configure the device in accordance with your needs, go to this page, enter a custom name for the profile and click the 'Add' button. You can also choose to create a profile without any previous configurations. A new profile with the given name will appear in the "configuration profiles" list:

    The 'Apply' button applies the adjacent configuration on the device.

    Scheduler

    The Profile Scheduler provides a possibility to set up a schedule of when the device should use one profile configuration or another.

    Check Profile Scheduler Instance Example to get a better understanding at how Profile Scheduler Instances works.

    General Configuration

    The General Configuration section is used to enable the Scheduler itself. Created instances won't work unless this option is turned on.

    Profile Scheduler Instances

    The Profile Scheduler Instances section allows you to create profile Instances to be enabled during specific time intervals. To add a new Instance click Add button.

    Note: new Instance can only be created if there is at least one custom profile created.

    Profile Scheduler Instance Configuration

    This page is used to configure profile, time and day of selected scheduler instance. Refer to the figure and table below for information on the Profile Scheduler Instance Configuration fields:

    Field Value Description
    Enable off | on; default: off Enable selected instance for scheduler.
    Profile profiles; default: none Select profile which will be applied during specified time interval.
    Interval Type Weekdays | Month Days; default: Weekdays Depending on your needs select whether you want to configure weekdays or specific month days.
    Start Time time; default: 12:00 Enter time of the start of interval in which scheduler will switch profiles.
    End Time time; default: 12:00 Enter time of the end of interval in which scheduler will switch profiles back.
    Interval Type: Weekdays
    Start Day Weekday [Monday..Sunday]; default: Sunday Select a day of the start of interval in which scheduler will switch profiles.
    End Day Weekday [Monday..Sunday]; default: Sunday Select a day of the end of interval in which scheduler will switch profiles back.
    Interval Type: Month Days
    Start Day Day of month [1..31]; default: 1 Select a day of the start of interval in which scheduler will switch profiles.
    End Day Day of month [1..31]; default: 1 Select a day of the end of interval in which scheduler will switch profiles back.
    Force last day off | on; default: off Force intervals to accept last day of month as valid option if selected day doesn't exist in ongoing month.
    Profile Scheduler Instance Example

    Scheduler will use profile instance if it is enabled and it's time interval matches device's [[{{{name}}}_Administration#General_2|date]], otherwise default profile will be used.

    Example - we have 3 profiles in total:

    • default
    • Profile A
    • Profile B

    We create profile instances for Profiles A and B:

    • Profile A: 08:00 - 11:00
    • Profile B: 13:00 - 20:00

    During 11:00 - 13:00 and 20:00 - 08:00 default profile will be used.

    Storage Memory Expansion

    SSHFS

    SSHFS is a tool, which allows you to mount a remote filesystem (in remote SSH server) to your {{{name}}} device using SSH. This service is safe to use as it authenticates connections and encrypts them.

    SSHFS configuration consists of setting up authentication, port and mount information parameters. Below is an example oh the SSHFS configuration page.

    Field Value Description
    Enable off | on; default: off Turns the SSHFS service on or off.
    Hostname string; default: none Hostname of the remote SSH server.
    Port integer [0..65535]; default: none Port of the remote SSH server.
    Username string; default: none Username of the remote SSH server.
    Password string; default: none Password of the remote SSH server.
    Mount Point filepath; default: /sshmount Mount point of remote file system in the {{{name}}}. Remote file system has to be mounted at root / level. By default the remote file system will be mounted on /sshmount, directory will be automatically created if does not exist yet.
    Mount Path filepath; default: /home/ Mount path in the remote SSH server. For example, if SSH server is hosted on Ubuntu operating system, the Mount Path could look like this (depending on your needs): /home/username/

    [[Category:{{{name}}} System section]]

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