Template:Networking rutos manual administration

Summary

This page is an overview of the Administration section of {{{name}}} devices.

General

The General section is used to set up some of device managerial parameters, such as changing device name. For more information on the General section, refer to figure and table below.

Field	Value	Description
General Settings
Language	English | Turkish* | Spanish* | Portuguese* | German* | Japanese*; default: English	Changes the router's WebUI language.
Configuration Mode	Basic | Advanced; default: Basic	Mode determines what options and configurations are shown. In Basic mode only the essential configurations are shown. In Advanced mode there is greater freedom to configure and access more options.
Device name and hostname
Device name	string; default: {{{name}}}	Device model name.
Hostname	string; default: Teltonika-{{{name}}}.com	Device hostname. This can be used for communication with other LAN hosts.
LED Indication
Enable	off | on; default: on	Manages signal strength, LAN and connection status indication LEDs.
Reset Button Configuration
Min time	integer [0..60]; default: none	Minimum time (in seconds) the button needs to be held to perform an action.
Max time	integer [1..60]; default: none	Maximum time (in seconds) the button can be held to perform an action, after which no action will be performed.

* Different language packages can be downloaded separately from the Services → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.

Date & Time

Summary

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Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. This chapter is an overview of the NTP section for {{{name}}} devices.

General

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The Time Synchronization section lets you select time zone and synchronize the time.

The figure below is an example of the Time Synchronization section and the table below provides information about the fields contained in that section:

[[File:Networking_rutos_ntp_general_gps_{{{gps}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

Field	Value	Description
Current system time	time; default: none	Current local time of the device.
Sync with browser	-(interactive button)	Click to synchronize device time and time zone to browsers, if your device time or time zone is not correct.
Time zone	time zone; default: UTC	The device will sync time in accordance with the selected time zone.

NTP

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This section is used to configure NTP client, server and time servers.

Time Synchronization

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This section is used to configure the device's time settings.

[[File:Networking_rutos_ntp_ntp_time_synchronization_{{{mobile}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

Field	Value	Description
Enable NTP Client	off | on; default: on	Turns NTP on or off.
Save time to flash	off | on; default: off	Saves last synchronized time to flash memory.
Force Servers	off | on; default: off	Forces unreliable NTP servers.
Update interval (in seconds)	integer; default: 86400	How often the device will update the time.
Offset frequency	integer; default: 0	Adjusts the minor drift of the clock so that it will run more accurately.
Count of time synchronizations	integer; default: none	The amount of times the device will perform time synchronizations. Leave empty in order to set to infinite.

Time Servers

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This section is used to specify which time servers the device will use for time synchronization. To add more time servers to the list, click the 'Add' button.

Field	Value	Description
Hostname	ip | url; default: 0.openwrt.pool.ntp.org	NTP servers that this device uses to sync time.

NTP Server

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The device can also act as an NTP Server, providing clock synchronization to other devices in the network. From this section you can turn this feature on or off:

NTPD

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The NTPD program is an operating system daemon that synchronizes the system clock to remote NTP time servers or local reference clocks. NTPD includes the ability to use this to keep your clock in sync and will run more accurately than a clock on a device not running NTPD. NTPD will also use several servers to improve accuracy. It is a complete implementation of NTP version 4 defined by RFC-5905, but also retains compatible with version 3 defined by RFC-1305 and versions 1 and 2, defined by RFC-1059 and RFC-1119, respectively.

Note: PAM is additional software that can be installed from the Services → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.

Field	Value	Description
Enable NTPD	off | on; default: off	Turns NTPD on or off.
Enable NTP config from file	off | on; default: off	Run NTPD with uploaded configuration file.
NTP configuration file	.conf file; default: none	Upload a custom configuration file.
Server	ip | url; default: 0.openwrt.pool.ntp.org	NTP servers that this device uses to sync time.
Enable Server	off | on; default: off	Enables NTPD server to make the router act as an NTP server so that it can provide time synchronization services for other network devices.

User Settings

Change Password

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The User settings section is used to change the password of the current user.

System Users

Summary

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The System Users page is used to add new user accounts that can access the device with different user credentials than the default ones. The newly added users can be assigned to one of two groups, either of which can be modified to limit WebUI read/write access rights for users belonging to each specific group.

This page is unrelated to SSH users. By default, there is one SSH user named "root" and it shares the same password as the default WebUI user named "admin".

This manual page provides an overview of the Users page in {{{name}}} devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Groups

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The Groups section lists available user groups of which there are three:

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• root - highest level of authority. Key elements that define this group:
  • has unlimited read/write access;
  • additional users cannot be added to this group;
  • access rights for this group cannot be modified.
  
  

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• admin - second highest level of authority. Key elements that define this group:
  • limited read access; by default, users belonging to this group cannot view these pages:
    • System → [[{{{name}}}_Administration#System_Users|Users]].
  • unlimited write access by default;
  • access rights can be modified.
  
  

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• user - lowest level of authority. Key elements that define this group:
  • no write access;
  • limited read access; by default, users belonging to this group cannot view these pages:
    • Services → Mobile Utilities → Messages → [[{{{name}}} Mobile_Utilities#Send_Messages|Send Messages]];
    • System → [[{{{name}}}_Administration#System_Users|Users]];
    • System → [[{{{name}}} Firmware|Firmware]];
    • System → [[{{{name}}} Reboot|Reboot]].
  • access rights can be modified.
  
  

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Additional note: you can view and/or edit settings for each group by clicking the 'Edit' button next to them. More on information on how to edit group access settings is located in the following section of this manual page.

Group Settings (edit group)

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A group's parameters can be set in its Group Settings page. To access the Groups Settings page, click the 'Edit' button next to the group's name. Below is an example of the Group Settings section:

Field	Value	Description
Write action	Allow | Deny; default: Allow	Specifies whether to allow or deny write actions for users in the group. Write actions consist of changing configurations and performing certain actions (such as clicking buttons). This field directly correlates with the "Write access" field below it, because the selected write action will apply to pages specified in that field.
Write access	path(s) to page(s); default: system/multiusers/change_password	Path(s) to the page(s) to which the selected "Write action" will be applied. Click the plus symbol to add multiple entries.
Read action	Allow | Deny; default: Deny	Specifies whether to allow or deny read actions for users in the group. Read actions consist of viewing pages on the WebUI. This field directly correlates with the "Read access" field below it, because the selected read action will apply to pages specified in that field.
Read access	path(s) to page(s); default: services/mobile_utilities/sms/send services/packages system/multiusers/ system/flashops/ system/backup system/admin/access_control system/cli system/uscripts system/wizard services/packages/upload network/	Path(s) to the page(s) to which the selected "Read action" will be applied. Click the plus symbol to add more entries.

Examples

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The easiest way to master the syntax is to navigate to page that you want to generate a path for and the copy the path from the URL of that page.

For example, to specify the path to the Network → Mobile page, navigate to the page, copy the page's URL address starting from the symbol "#" and paste it into one of the access fields:

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However, the VPN window contains links to many different types of VPN pages. If you want to specify only one of them, you can do it as well. For example, to to specify the path to the IPsec page, add "/ipsec" to the path string:

services/vpn/ipsec

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An asterisk (*) in the path string means that the every page from that point on is included in that path. For example, to generate a path that includes pages in the Services menu tab:

services/*

Or to simply include everything in the entire WebUI (if this path is combined with Read action: Deny, users from that group will not be able to login to the WebUI):

*

Users

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The Users section lists all created users and provides the possibility to change their passwords and the group they belong to (with the exception of the default user "admin" which always belongs to the root group).

By default, there is only one user called "admin":

User Settings (edit user)

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Each user's password and group parameters can be set in their User Settings pages. To access the User Settings page, click the 'Edit' button next to the user's name.

However, you may want to add a new user at first. This can be done from the [[{{{name}}}_Users#Add_New_User|Add New User]] section below:

1. create a username;
2. create a password for the user (must contain at least 8 characters, including at least one upper case letter and one digit);
3. click the 'Add' button;
4. click the 'Edit' next to newly added user.

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Below is an example of a newly added user's settings page:

Field	Value	Description
Username	string; default: none	Displays the user's name.
New password	string; default: none	Create a new password for the user. The password must contain at least 8 characters, including at least one upper case letter and one digit.
Confirm new password	string; default: none	Repeat the new password.
Group	admin | user; default: user	The group to which the user belongs.
Enable SSH access	off | on; default: off	Enables SSH access to user.

Add New User

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The Add New User section is used to create additional users that can access the WebUI. After a new user is added, it will appear in the [[{{{name}}} Users#Users|Users]] section.

Field	Value	Description
Username	string; default: none	A custom name for the new user.
Password	string; default: none	A password for the new user. The password must contain at least 8 characters, including at least one upper case letter and one digit.

Access Control

General

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The Access Control page is used to manage remote and local access to device.

Important: turning on remote access leaves your device vulnerable to external attackers. Make sure you use a strong password.

SSH

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Field	Value	Description
Enable SSH access	off | on; default: on	Turns SSH access from the local network (LAN) on or off.
Remote SSH access	off
Port	integer [0..65535]; default: 22	Selects which port to use for SSH access.
Enable key-based authentication	off | on; default: off	Use public keys for authentication.

WebUI

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Field	Value	Description
Enable HTTP access	off | on; default: on	Turns HTTP access from the local network (LAN) to the device WebUI on or off.
Enable HTTPS access	off | on; default: on	Turns HTTPS access from the local network (LAN) to the device WebUI on or off.
Redirect to HTTPS	off | on; default: off	Redirects connection attempts from HTTP to HTTPS.
Enable remote HTTP access	off
Port	integer [0..65535]; default: 80	Selects which port to use for HTTP access.
Enable remote HTTPS access	off
Port	integer [0..65535]; default: 443	Selects which port to use for HTTPS access.
Ignore private IPs on public interface	off
Certificate files from device	off
Server certificate	.crt; default: uhttpd.crt	Server certificate file.
Server key	.key; default: uhttpd.key	Server key file.

CLI

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Field	Value	Description
Enable CLI	off | on; default: on	Turns CLI access from the local network (LAN) on or off.
Enable remote CLI	off
Port range	range of integers [0..65534]-[1..65535]; default: 4200-4220	Selects which ports to use for CLI access.
Shell limit	integer [1..10]; default: 5	Maximum number of active CLI connections.

Telnet

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Field	Value	Description
Enable Telnet access	off | on; default: on	Turns Telnet access from the local network (LAN) on or off.
Enable remote Telnet access	off | on; default: off	Turns Telnet access from remote networks (WAN) on or off.
Port range	integer [0..65535]; default: 23	Selects which port to use for Telnet access.

PAM

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Note: PAM is additional software that can be installed from the Services → [[{{{name}}} Package Manager|Package Manager]] page.

Modify PAM Auth

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Field	Value	Description
Enable	off | on; default: on	Turns the PAM auth on or off.
Module	TACACS+ | Radius | Local; default: Local	Specifies the PAM module that implements the service.
Type	Required | Requisite | Sufficient | Optional; default: Required	Determines the continuation or failure behavior for the module
TACACS+/Radius: Server	ip4 | ip6; default: none	The IP address of the RADIUS server
TACACS+/Radius: Secret	string; default: none	RADIUS shared secret
Radius: Port	integer [0..65535]; default: 1812	RADIUS server authentication port
Radius: Timeout	integer [3..10]; default: 3	Timeout in seconds waiting for RADIUS server reply.

Security

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The Security tab provides the possibility to enable/disable blocking IP's service and delete blocked devices from the list.

IP Block Settings

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Field	Value	Description
Enable	off | on; default: on	Enable or disable blocking IP's if they have reached the set amount of failed times.
Fail count	integer [1..1000]; default: 10	An amount of times IP address can try to access SSH or WebUI before being blocked.
Clean after reboot	off | on; default: off	If enabled, blocked loging attempts list will be cleared on device reboot.

Login Attempts

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Field	Value	Description
Source address	IP address	Shows the IP address from which the connection failed.
Device port	Port number	Shows the port number from which the connection failed.
Destination address	IP address	Shows yours device IP adress
Protocol	Connection protocol	Displays the connection protocol used for connection.
Failed atempts	Number	Shows the number of failed attempts to connect to device.
Status	- | Blocked	Indicates whether the source address is blocked or not.
Reset	Check box	Allows you to select multiple IP addresses.
Unblock all	-(interactive button)	Unblocks all source adresses from the list.
Unblock selected	-(interactive button)	Unblocks selected source adresses from the list.

Recipients

The Recipients section is used to configure phone groups and email users, which can later be used along with SMS or email related services, such as [[{{{name}}} Events Reporting|Events Reporting]].

Phone Groups

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A Phone Group is a collection of phone numbers that can be used as the recipient in SMS & call related services instead of specifying every number individually. The phone group list is empty by default thus, you must first add at least one new group before you can add phone numbers to it. To create and begin editing a phone group, follow these steps:

1. Enter a custom name for the phone group into the 'Name' field.
2. Click the 'Add' button.
3. Click the 'Edit' button next to the newly added phone group.

After clicking 'Edit' you should be redirected to that phone group's configuration page where you can start adding phone numbers to it.

Field	Value	Description
Group name	string; default: none	Name of this phone numbers group.
Phone number	string; default: none	A phone number entry for this group. Numbers that consist of 0-9*+# characters are accepted. Click the plus symbol to add more entries.

Email Accounts

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When email related services (such as [[{{{name}}} Events Reporting|Events Reporting]]) are used, the device logs in to the specified email account and reads the inbox (e.g., Email to SMS) or sends out a message (e.g., SMS to Email) depending on the configured service. In this context, an Email Account is an configuration instance that contains the necessary data required in order to log into an email account.

The email accounts list is empty by default thus, you must first add at least one new account before you can configure it. To create and begin editing an email account, follow these steps:

1. Enter a custom name for the email account into the 'Name' field.
2. Click the 'Add' button.
3. Click the 'Edit' button next to the newly added email account.

After clicking 'Edit' you should be redirected to that email account's settings page where you can start configuring the account.

Field	Value	Description
Secure connection	off | on; default: off	Use if your SMTP server supports TLS or SSL encryption.
SMTP server	string; default: none	Name of the email service provider's SMTP server.
SMTP server port	integer [0..65535]; default: none	Port of the email service provider's SMTP server.
Credentials	off | on; default: off	This options allows you to set username and password of email account.
Username	string; default: none	Username used to authenticate to the email service.
Password	string; default: none	Password used to authenticate to the email service..
Sender's email address	string; default: none	Configured SMTP server user's email address.
Send test email	- (interactive button)	Sends an email based on the current configuration. This is used to test whether the configuration works as intended.

Certificates

The Certificates page is used for convenient TLS certificate and key generation and management. Generated files can be exported and used on other machines or locally on this device with functions that use TLS/SSL, such as [[{{{name}}} MQTT|MQTT]], [[{{{name}}} VPN#OpenVPN|OpenVPN]], [[{{{name}}} VPN#IPsec|IPsec]] and others.

Certificate Generation

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The Certificate Generation tab provides the possibility to generate TLS certificates required for secure authentication and communication encryption used by some of the devices services.

There are five distinct generation methods (denoted by the selected 'File Type').

1. Simple - generates and signs a set of 2048 bit certificate and key files that include:
   • Certificate Authority (CA)
   • Server certificate & key
   • Client certificate & key
   • DH Parameters
   The CA file generated with this option automatically signs the certificates. In short, this option is used for convenience as it doesn't let the user set any additional parameters for the certificate files. Therefore, it should be used only when no other specific requirements are expected.
2. CA - generates a Certificate Authority (CA) file. A CA is a type of certificate file that certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. In other words, it assures clients that they are connecting to a trusted server and vice versa.
3. Server - generates a server certificate and key. A server certificate validates a server's identity to connecting clients, while a key is responsible for encryption.
4. Client - generates a client certificate and key. A client certificate validates a client's identity to the server that it's connecting to, while a key is responsible for encryption.
5. DH Parameters - generates a Diffie-Hellman (DH) parameters file. DH parameters are used in symmetric encryption to protect and define how OpenSSL key exchange is performed.

Generation Parameters

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Generating each type of file (excluding 'Simple') requires setting some parameters. This section provides an overview for parameters used in TLS certificate generation.

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Core parameters or simply parameters that apply to each file type are the size and common name of the generated file(s).

Field	Value	Description
Key Size	integer; default: 2048	Generated key size in bits. Larger keys provide more security but take longer to generate. A 2048 bit is the preferred option.
Name (CN)	string; default: cert	Common Name (CN), aka Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is a parameter that defines the name of the certificate. It should be chosen with care as it is not only used for easier management. For example, the Common Name should typically hostname of the server. It may also be used to differentiate clients in order to apply client-specific settings.

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Subject information is not mandatory but can be used as user-friendly way to identify the ownership of certificate files by including such information as the owner's location and company name.

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The Sign the certificate slider control whether the certificate will be signed automatically or manually after the generation is complete.

Field	Value	Description
Days Valid	integer; default: 3650	Length of the signature's validity.
CA File Name	filename; default: none	Selects which CA file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
CA key	filename; default: none	Selects which CA key file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
Delete Signing Request	off | on; default: off	Generation creates additional 'signing request' files (which appear under the Certificate Manager tab) that are later used to sign the generated certificates. When this option is set to 'on', the device deletes the signing request files after the signing process is complete.

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A Private Key Decryption Password is a parameter used to decrypt private keys protected by a password.

Certificate Signing

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The Certificate Signing section is used to validate (sign) unsigned certificates.

Field	Value	Description
Signed Certificate Name	string; default: none	Name of the signed certificate.
Type of Certificate to Sign	Certificate Authority | Client Certificate | Server Certificate; default: Certificate Authority	Specifies what type of file will be signed.
Certificate Request File	file; default: none	Specifies the signing request file linked to the certificate.
Days Valid	integer; default: none	Length of the signature's validity.
Certificate Authority File	filename; default: none	Selects which CA file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
Certificate Authority Key	filename; default: none	Selects which CA key file will be used to sign the generated certificate.
Delete Signing Request	off | on; default: off	Generation creates additional 'signing request' files (which appear under the Certificate Manager tab) that are later used to sign the generated certificates. When this option is set to 'on', the device deletes the signing request files after the signing process is complete.
Sign	- (interactive button)	Signs the certificate on click.

Certificate Manager

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The Certificate Manager page displays information on all certificate and key files stored on the device and provides the possibility export these files for use on another machine or import files generated elsewhere.

Certificate Import

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The Certificate Import section provides the possibility to import certificates and files generated on another machine. To upload such a file simply click 'Browse' and locate the file on your computer, it should then start uploading automatically.

Certificates, Keys & Requests

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The Certificates, Keys and Requests section display files generated on or imported to the device along with the most important information related to them.

By default, the lists are empty. A set certificates generated using 'Simple' file type would look something like this:

The 'Export' buttons are used to download the files from the device onto your local machine. The 'X' buttons located to the right of each entry are used to delete related files.

Root CA

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The Root CA section is used to add a root CA certificate file to the device. There is a default file already preloaded on the device which will be overwritten by any uploaded file. The certificates must be in .pem format, maximum file size is 300 KB. These certificates are only needed if you want to use HTTPS for your services and the default file should be sufficient in most cases.

Storage Memory Expansion

SSHFS

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SSHFS is a tool, which allows you to mount a remote filesystem (in remote SSH server) to your {{{name}}} device using SSH. This service is safe to use as it authenticates connections and encrypts them.

SSHFS configuration consists of setting up authentication, port and mount information parameters. Below is an example oh the SSHFS configuration page.

Field	Value	Description
Enable	off | on; default: off	Turns the SSHFS service on or off.
Hostname	string; default: none	Hostname of the remote SSH server.
Port	integer [0..65535]; default: none	Port of the remote SSH server.
Username	string; default: none	Username of the remote SSH server.
Password	string; default: none	Password of the remote SSH server.
Mount Point	filepath; default: /sshmount	Mount point of remote file system in the {{{name}}}. Remote file system has to be mounted at root / level. By default the remote file system will be mounted on /sshmount, directory will be automatically created if does not exist yet.
Mount Path	filepath; default: /home/	Mount path in the remote SSH server. For example, if SSH server is hosted on Ubuntu operating system, the Mount Path could look like this (depending on your needs): /home/username/

[[Category:{{{name}}} System section]]