1-to-1 NAT

The information on this page is updated in accordance with the 00.07.24 firmware version .

Introduction

1-to-1 NAT is a mode of NAT which maps one external address to one internal address. This article contains step-by-step instructions on how to configure a 1-to-1 NAT between a LAN device and a WAN interface on RUTX devices. This setup can be useful for applications such as exposing email servers to the internet, while preserving private communication in the LAN network.

Prerequisites

Any device that acts as a Server
A Teltonika Networks router or gateway

Configuration Scheme

Overview

This configuration makes use of a source and destination NAT to allow connectivity through the device’s WAN IP address, and it forwards all traffic from all ports to the LAN device. Please be aware that this approach exposes the server completely to the WAN, nullifying any firewall rules which are imposed over the WAN interface, so be cautious.

Configuring Static IP addresses for the devices

In this scenario, we will need static IP addresses both for LAN and WAN, as we will create static rules between the two.

First, we will configure a static IP address for the LAN and a static IP address for the WAN interface, as well as for the computer involved in the setup.

For this scenario, on the LAN side the IP addresses are the following:

Router's gateway: 192.168.1.1/24
Server: 192.168.1.2/24

From the WAN side, the IP addresses are the following:

Router's WAN IP address: 192.168.2.1/24
Computer's IP address: 192.168.2.2/24

In order to edit the WAN IP address of the device, you will need to go to Network → WAN and then click on the Edit button for the wan connection.

After clicking on Edit, a new window will open. Here, you will need to select the Protocol as Static, as shown in point 1. Next, you will need to fill out the IP address fields, in this example we are going to set IP address to 192.168.2.1 and the netmask to 255.255.255.0 as shown in points 2 and 3.

Configuring Custom Rules for the NAT

Custom rules are needed to make a two-way NAT forwarding. This means that all traffic coming to the WAN IP will be forwarded to the LAN device, and the LAN device will respond to this by forwarding its traffic as if it was coming from the WAN IP.

In turn, this makes the LAN server reachable through the WAN interface, through every port possible, and to be also reachable through other LAN devices. Be aware that this also exposes the LAN device completely to the WAN, so be aware of which ports are open on the device, as this forwarding nullifies the Firewall rules which apply to the WAN interface.

After setting the static IP addresses, head to Network→Firewall→Custom Rules to add the following custom rules.

In this configuration example we will expose 192.168.1.2 to the WAN completely with the following custom rules:

iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -d 192.168.2.1 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.2
iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.2 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.2.1

A more comprehensive analysis of these custom rules would be:

iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -d [ROUTER'S_WAN_IP] -j DNAT --to-destination [SERVER'S_LAN_IP]
iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s [SERVER'S_LAN_IP] -j SNAT --to-source [ROUTER'S_WAN_IP]

After saving and applying the rules, the end-user should be able to reach the LAN device when trying to connect to the WAN interface, which in this case is 192.168.2.1, through every port available.