Routing

From Teltonika Networks Wiki

Summary

This chapter is an overview of the Routing section in RUT devices.

Static Routes

Static routes specify over which interface and gateway a certain host or network can be reached. In this page you can configure your own custom routes.


Network routing static routes.PNG

field name value description
Routing table Main | WAN | WAN2 | WAN3; Default: WAN Defines which table will be used for the route in question
Interface LAN | WAN(wired) | WAN2(Mobile) | WAN3(WiFi) | VPN instances; Default: WAN(wired) The zone where the target network resides
Destination address* ip; Default: 0.0.0.0 The address of the destination network
Netmask* ip; Default: 0.0.0.0 A Mask that is applied to the Target to determine to what actual IP addresses the routing rule applies
Gateway ip; Default: " " Defines where the router should send all the traffic that applies to the rule
Metric integer; Default: 0 The Metric value is used as a sorting measure. If a packet about to be routed fits two rules, the one with the higher metric is applied

*Additional notes on Destination & Netmask:

You can define a rule that applies to a single IP like this: Destination - some IP; Netmask - 255.255.255.255. Furthermore, you can define a rule that applies to a segment of IPs like this: Destination – some IP that STARTS some segment; Netmask – Netmask that defines how large the segment is. e.g.:

field name value description
192.168.55.161 255.255.255.255 Only applies to 192.168.55.161
192.168.55.0 255.255.255.240 Applies to IPs in the 192.168.55.0 - 192.168.55.255
192.168.55.240 255.255.255.240 192.168.55.240 - 192.168.55.255
192.168.55.161 255.255.255.0 192.168.55.0 - 192.168.55.255
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Static ARP entries


Static ARP entries are used to bind a MAC address to a specific IP address. For example, if you want a device to get the same IP every time it connects to the router, you can create a Static ARP entry by binding that device’s MAC address to the desired IP address. The router will then create an entry in the ARP table, which in turn will make sure that that device will get the specified IP address every time.

Network routing static routes static arp entries.PNG

Dynamic Routes

BGP Protocol


Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. The protocol is often classified as a path vector protocol but is sometimes also classed as a distance-vector routing protocol. The Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, or rule-sets configured by a network administrator and is involved in making core routing decisions.

General Settings


Network routing dynamic routes bgp general.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles the BGP protocol ON or OFF
Enable vty yes | no; Default: no Toggles vty access from LAN ON or OFF
Import config - Uploads an external BGP configuration

BGP Instance


Network routing dynamic routes bgp instance.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles the BGP instance ON or OFF
AS integer: " " AS number is an identification of an autonomous system. BGP protocol uses the AS number for detecting whether the BGP connection is an internal one or external one. [Required]
BGP router ID string; Default: " " The router id is used by BGP to identify the routing device from which a packet originated. Default router ID value is selected as the largest IP Address of the interface.
Network string; Default: " " Add an announcement network(s)

BGP Peers


Network routing dynamic routes bgp peers.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles the BGP peer ON or OFF
Remote AS integer: " " Neighbour's remote AS
Remote address ip; Default: " " Neighbour's remote IPv4 address

Access List Filters


Network routing dynamic routes bgp access list filters.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles the Access filter ON or OFF
Peer bgp peer; Default: first peer on list Applies the rule for the specified peer
Action Permit | Deny; Default: Permit Denies or permits matched entry
Network Any | ip; Default: Any Applies filter rule for this source network
Direction Inbound | Outbound; Default: Inbound If direction is Inbound, the access list is applied to input routes. If direction is Outbound the access list is applied to advertised routes

RIP Protocol


The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employ the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination. The maximum number of hops allowed for RIP is 15, which limits the size of networks that RIP can support. A hop count of 16 is considered an infinite distance and the route is considered unreachable. RIP implements the split horizon, route poisoning and holddown mechanisms to prevent incorrect routing information from being propagated.

General


Network routing dynamic routes rip general.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles RIP Protocol ON or OFF
Enable vty yes | no; Default: no Toggles vty access from LAN ON or OFF
Import config - Uses imported RIP configurations
Version 2 | 1; Default: 2 Specifies the version of RIP
Neighbor ip; Default: " " Neighbour IP addres

RIP Interfaces


Network routing dynamic routes rip rip interfaces.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles RIP Interface ON or OFF
Interface network interface; Default: no Network interface to be used with the RIP interface
Passive interface yes | no; Default: no Sets the specified interface to passive mode. On passive mode interface, all receiving packets are processed as normal and ripd does not send either multicast or unicast RIP packets

Access list filters


Network routing dynamic routes rip access list filters.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles the Access filter ON or OFF
Peer bgp peer; Default: first peer on list Applies the rule for the specified peer
Action Permit | Deny; Default: Permit Denies or permits matched entry
Network Any | ip; Default: Any Applies filter rule for this source network
Direction Inbound | Outbound; Default: Inbound If direction is Inbound, the access list is applied to input routes. If direction is Outbound the access list is applied to advertised routes

OSPF Protocol


Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 for IPv4.

General Settings


Network routing dynamic routes ospf general.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles OSPF Protocol ON or OFF
Enable vty yes | no; Default: no Toggles vty access from LAN ON or OFF
Import - Uses imported OSPF configurations
Router ID ip; Default: " " Sets the router-ID of the OSPF process. The router-ID may be an IP address of the router, but need not be - it can be any arbitrary 32bit number

OSPF Interface


Network routing dynamic routes ospf ospf interface.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles OSPF interface ON or OFF
Cost integer [1..65535]; Default: 10 The cost value is set to router-LSA’s metric field and used for SPF calculation
Hello interval integer [1..65535]; Default: 10 Hello packets will be sent at the frequency specified in this field (in seconds)
Router dead interval integer [1..65535]; Default: 40 This value must be the same for all routers attached to a common network
Retransmit integer [1..65535]; Default: 5 This value is used when re-transmitting Database Description and Link State Request packets
Priority integer [0..255]; Default: 1 The router with the highest priority will be more eligible to become the Designated Router. Setting the value to 0, makes the router ineligible to become the Designated Router
Type Broadcast | Nonbroadcast | Point-to-point | Point-to-multipoint; Default: " " Set explicit network type for the specified interface
Authentication None | Password | MD5 HMAC; Default: " " Specifies the authentication mode that should be used for the interface

OSPF Area


Network routing dynamic routes ospf area.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles OSPF area ON or OFF
Cost [a.b.c.d]; Default: " " Specifies OSPF area

OSPF Networks


Network routing dynamic routes ospf networks.PNG

field name value description
Enable yes | no; Default: no Toggles OSPF network ON or OFF
Network [a.b.c.d/m]; Default: " " This command specifies the OSPF enabled interface. If the interface has an address from the range a.b.c.d/m then enables OSPF on this interface so the router can provide network information to the other OSPF routers via this interface
Area ospf area; Default: " " Specifies OSPF area