Template:Networking rutos manual wireless

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Summary

The Wireless section of the Network tab can be used to manage and configure WiFi Access Points and WiFi Stations (clients) . This chapter of the user manual provides an overview of the Wireless section for {{{name}}} devices.

If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Networking rutos manual webui basic advanced mode 75.gif

Wireless technology

WiFi 2.4 GHz

The WiFi 2.4 GHz section is used to configure your wireless access points (AP) and wireless clients (STA).

[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_wireless_wifi_{{{wifi}}}.png|border|class=tlt-border]]

Above is the overview of the Wireless Overview window. It displays active access points and stations. Here you can turn on or off your WiFi interfaces, remove them or start configuring by clicking on Networking rutx manual edit button v1.png Edit button on the right side of interface. You can also configure your WiFi devices by clicking Networking rutx manual edit button v1.png Edit button in the right side of each table header. To configure your Wireless device as Client press Scan button to scan the surrounding area and attempt to connect to a new wireless access point.


Global Settings

The Global Settings section is used for configuring WiFi hardware parameters. You can find this section by clicking the 'Edit' button next to a wireless device (not an interface) in the Network → Wireless page:

Networking rutos manual wireless global settings edit button.png

General Setup


The General Setup section is used to turn a wireless device on or off, select the operating frequency (WiFi mode and channel), transmit power and define a country code.

A wireless 2.4 GHz WiFi channel requires a signaling band roughly 22 MHz wide, radio frequencies of neighboring channels numbers significantly overlap each other. Choose a WiFi channel according to the busyness of other channels. You can download a free WiFi analyzer app on your phone, laptop or other WiFi device and check which channel is the least populated.

Many home networks utilize routers that by default run on channel 6 on the 2.4 GHz band. Neighboring WiFi home networks that run over the same channel generate radio interference that can cause significant network performance slowdowns for users. Reconfiguring a network to run on a different wireless channel helps minimize these slowdowns. Therefore, pick a channel with no other active Access Points and preferably one that has no active Access Point on two adjacent channels on each side as well. If you don't feel like doing this, set the 'Channel' field to Auto and the device will pick the least busy channel in your location automatically.

Networking rutos manual wireless global settings general setup.png

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default: on Turns Wireless device on or off.
Operating Frequency (2.4 GHz)
Mode N | Legacy; default: N Wireless N (802.11n) supports a maximum theoretical transfer rate of 300mbps with 2 antennas. It can reach up to 450 Mbps with 3 antennas. Though typical speeds are more accurately around 130 Mbps. The legacy standards include 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
Channel Auto | 1 (2412 MHz) | 2 (2417 MHz) | 3 (2422 MHz) | 4 (2427 MHz) | 5 (2432 MHz) | 6 (2437 MHz) | 7 (2442 MHz) | 8 (2447 MHz) | 9 (2452 MHz) | 10 (2457 MHz) | 11 (2462 MHz); default: 11 (2462 MHz) A wireless 2.4 GHz WiFi channel requires a signaling band roughly 22 MHz wide, radio frequencies of neighboring channels numbers significantly overlap each other. Therefore, pick a channel with no other active Access Points and preferably one that has no active Access Point on two adjacent channels on each side as well.
Width 20 MHz | 40 MHz; default: 20 MHz A 40 MHz channel width bonds two 20 MHz channels together, forming a 40 MHz channel width; therefore, it allows for greater speed and faster transfer rates. But not if those channels are crowded with noise and interference. In crowded areas with a lot of frequency noise and interference, a single 20MHz channel will be more stable. 40MHz channel width allows for greater speed and faster transfer rates but it doesn’t perform as well in crowded areas.
Transmit Power [5%...100%]; default: 100 % The transmit power of an access point radio is proportional to its effective range – the higher the transmit power, the more distance that a signal can travel, and/or the more physical materials that it can effectively penetrate and still have data successfully resolved at the receiver.
Country code country code; default: US - United States SO/IEC 3166 alpha2 country codes as defined in ISO 3166-1 standard.

Advanced Settings


The Advanced Settings section is used to configure how the wireless Access Point will work from a hardware perspective.

Networking rutos manual wireless global settings advanced settings.png

Field Value Description
Operating Frequency (2.4 GHz)
Allow legacy 802.11b rates off | on; default: on Turn on to enable connections that uses legacy 802.11b standard.
Distance Optimization integer [0..65535]; default: none HT Distance to farthest network member in meters.
Fragmentation threshold integer [256..2346]; default: none The smallest packet size that can be fragmented and transmitted by multiple frames. In areas were interference is a problem, setting a lower fragment threshold might help reduce the probability of unsuccessful packet transfers, thus increasing speed
RTS/CTS threshold integer [0..2347]; default: none RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send) are mechanisms, used to reduce frame collisions introduced by the hidden node problem. It can help resolve problems arising when several access points are in the same area, contending
Force 40MHz mode off | on; default: off Always use 40MHz channels even if the secondary channel overlaps. Using this option does not comply with IEEE 802.11n-2009!
Beacon interval integer [15..65535]; default: none Beacon signal interval in seconds.

WiFi Scanner


The WiFi Scanner provides you with the possibility to scan and collect information about connected devices and surrounding access points. The collected data is sent using the [[{{{name}}} Data to Server|Data to Server]] functionality with Kinesis argument.

Networking rutos manual wireless global settings wifi scanner.png

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default: off Enables or disables WiFi scanner.
Interval integer; default: 10 Interval between scans in seconds.

Interface Configuration

The Interface Configuration section is used to configure the parameters of Wireless Access Points or Clients. You can find this section by clicking the 'Edit' button next to a wireless device (not an interface) in the Network → Wireless page:

Networking rutos manual wireless interface configuration edit button.png

General Setup


The General Setup tab contains basic options for ESSID and network interface.

Networking rutos manual wireless interface configuration general setup.png

Field Value Description
Mode Access Point | Client; default: Access Point Defines what role this interface will do, Access point to supply WiFi for other devices, or as Client to use other devices WiFi for WWAN.
ESSID Factory ESSID is different for every device; default: none Extended Service Set Identifier.
Network network interfaces; default: lan Choose the network(s) you want to attach to this wireless interface or fill out the create field to define a new network.
Access Point mode
ESSID off | on; default: off Hide extended Service Set Identifier.
WMM Mode off | on; default: on Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM), previously known as Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME), is a subset of the 802.11e wireless LAN (WLAN) specification that enhances quality of service (QoS) on a network by prioritizing data packets according to four categories.
Client mode
BSSID off | on; default: off Basic service set identifier.


Wireless Security


The Wireless Security tab is used to determine what kind of encryption your WLAN will use.

Networking rutos manual wireless interface configuration wireless security.png

Field Value Description
Encryption No encryption | WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Mixed Mode | WPA2-PSK | WPA2-EAP |

WPA2-EAP/WPA3-EAP Mixed Mode | WPA3-EAP | WPA2-PSK/WPA3-SAE Mixed Mode

| WPA3-SAE | OWE; default: WPA2-PSK
The type of encryption used on this Wireless Interface.

Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE) - no password is required and

all wireless traffic is encrypted (safer than No Encryption).
With all encryptions
Cipher Auto | Force CCMP (AES) | Force TKIP | Force TKIP and CCMP (AES); default: Force TKIP and CCMP (AES) An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Mixed Mode, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK/WPA3-SAE Mixed Mode, WPA3-SAE
Password string; default: random A custom passphrase used for authentication (at least 8 characters long).
WPA2-EAP, WPA2-EAP/WPA3-EAP Mixed Mode, WPA3-EAP
Radius-Authentication-Server string; default: none Ip address of the authentification server.
Radius-Authentication-Port string; default: none Default port for the server is 1812.
Radius-Authentication-Secret string; default: none Server's shared secret.
Radius-Accounting-Server string; default: none Ip address of the accounting server.
Radius-Accounting-Port string; default: none Default port for the server is 1813.
Radius-Accounting-Secret string; default: none Server's shared secret.
NAS id string; default: none Network access server identifier.
802.11r Fast Transition off | on; default: off Enables or disables 802.11r Fast Transition functionality

MAC Filter


The MAC Filter tab is used for setting up rules that allow or exclude devices with specified MAC addresses from connecting to your WiFi network. This tab is only visible when Wireless interface Mode is set to Access Point.

Networking rutos manual wireless interface configuration mac filter.png

Field Value Description
MAC-address filter Disable | Allow listed only | Allow all except listed; default: Disable Defines how the MAC Filter should function.
  • Allow listed only – only allows devices with specified MAC addresses to connect to your Wireless Access Point.
  • Allow all except listed - blocks devices with specified MAC addresses from connecting to your Wireless Access Point.
MAC-List MAC; default: none List of MAC addresses to be included or excluded from connecting to your Wireless Access Point.

Advanced Settings


Networking rutos manual wireless interface configuration advanced settings.png

Field Value Description
Isolate Clients off | on; default: off Prevents client to client communication on the same subnet.
Short Preamble off | on; default: on Uses Short Preamble, it uses shorter data strings that adds less data to transmit the error redundancy check which means that it is much faster.
DTIM interval seconds; default: none Delivery Traffic Indication Message Interval.
Time interval for rekeying GTK seconds; default: none Period of time in between automatic changes of the group key, which all devices on the network share.
Disable Inactivity Polling off | on; default: off Inactivity polling can be disabled to disconnect stations based on inactivity timeout so that idle stations are more likely to be disconnected even if they are still in range of the AP.
Station inactivity limit seconds; default: none Station inactivity limit in seconds. If a station/client does not send anything in st time frame, an empty data frame is sent to it in order to verify whether it is still in range. If this frame is not acknowledged, the station will be disassociated and then deauthenticated.
Maximum allowed Listen Interval positive integer; default: none Association will be refused if a client/station attempts to associate with a listen interval greater than this value.
Disassociate On Low Acknowledgement off | on; default: on Allow AP mode to disconnect stations/clients based on low Acknowledgement condition.

Client Mode

{{{name}}} can also work as a WiFi client. Configuring client mode is nearly identical to Access Point, except for the fact that most of the options are dictated by the WiFi Access Point that the router is connecting to. Changing them can result in an interrupted connection to that router.

To begin configuring WiFi Client first click the 'Scan' button to scan the surrounding area and attempt to connect to a new wireless access point.


After which you will be redirected to the window shown below, where you will see list of available WiFi Access Points in the area. Choose one according to your liking and press the Join Network button next to it.

Networking rutos manual wireless scan button results.png

You again will be redirected to following window, where you will need to enter WPA passphrase or other security password depending on AP that you are connecting to, name yours network (it will be name of your wireless WAN interface) and assign firewall rule.

Networking rutos manual wireless scan button results join network.png

Next window that opens will be Device Configuration. Values there, mostly, should be left unchanged to avoid connection problems, because they are dictated by Access Point. Other than that, only difference from Access Point settings are in Interface Configuration → General Setup section, where Mode is set to Client, and Network attached to this wireless interface is WAN instead of LAN

Networking rutos manual wireless scan button results join network general setup.png

Click Save & Apply and if you configured correctly, you will have Wireless Client working.

Multi AP

The Multi AP feature is used to configure access to multiple wireless access points from one page. To enter Multi AP configuration, click the 'Multi AP' button below other Wireless configurations:

Networking rutos manual wireless multi ap button.png

Next, enter a name for the Multi AP network and assign a firewall zone (default: wan).

Networking rutos manual wireless multi ap create network.png

You may then start to configure General Settings for the Multi AP feature.

General Settings


The General Settings section for Multi AP is used to turn it on or off and to change the frequency of scanning for WiFi APs.

Networking rutos manual wireless multi ap general settings.png

Field Value Description
Enable off | on; default: off Turns Multi AP configuration on or off.
Scan Time (sec) integer (30+); default: 60 Frequency (in seconds) of scans for WiFi access point availability.
Upload AP list - (interactive button) Uploads a list of access point configurations.

Access Points


You can either configure multiple access points from this page of the WebUI or you can upload a file with a list of access point configurations. The file should contains WiFi access point configuration options and values, which should be defined as option: value (for example, ssid: home_wifi). The SSID option is mandatory.

Networking rutos manual wireless multi ap access points.png

Field Value Description
SSID string; default: none SSID of an access point.
Key string; default: none Pre-shared key, a custom passphrase used for user authentication (at least 8 characters long).
Enable off | on; default: off Turns an access point configuration on or off.
Delete - (interactive button) Deletes the access point configuration next to the button.

Option names in the file should be provided in lower case letters. AP list file example:

ssid: RUT_1
enable: 1
key: 12345678
ssid: RUT_2
enable: 0
key: 87654321

Once uploaded, the contents of the file should become visible in the Access Points list.

[[Category:{{{name}}} Network section]]