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[[IPSec Tunnel w/CA Certs Configuration]]
<p style="color:red">The information on this page is updated in accordance with the [https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/FW_%26_SDK_Downloads'''00.07.09'''] firmware version .</p>
__TOC__
==Summary==


==Introduction==
This article contains instructions on how to configure Port Foward functionality on most of the Teltonika Networks devices (with the exception of TAP and TSW series)


In computing, '''Internet Protocol Security''' ('''IPsec''') is a secure network protocol suite of IPv4 that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data sent over an IPv4 network. IPsec includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to use during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host). Internet Protocol security (IPsec) uses cryptographic security services to protect communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IPsec supports network-level peer authentication, data-origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and replay protection.
<b>Port Forwarding</b> is the process of redirecting data packets to another destination. In Teltonika-Networks devices this is a feature of the iptables firewall, NAT table, PREROUTING chain. When a packet matches a port forwarding rule, the destination and/or port values are changed in the packet header.


This article provides an extensive configuration example with details on how to create a tunnel connection authenticating with X.509 Certs between two IPsec instances, both of which configured on RUTxxx routers.
==Configuration overview & prerequisites==
Before we begin, let's take a look at the configuration that we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.  


==Configuration overview and prerequisites==
Configuring port forwarding on Teltonika devices is a simple process that involves just a few steps and can easily be replicated across various devices. The number of devices involved will depend on the specific use case, but the setup can be scaled seamlessly. In the example below, we will use the RUTX50 as the primary device with mobile internet connectivity, acting as the gateway and DHCP server. This setup allows us to remotely access third-party devices connected to RUTX50 over the internet.


Before we begin, let's overview the configuration that we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.
[[File:Networking_rutos_faq_port_forwarding_example_1_v1.png|900px]]


'''Prerequisites''':
'''Prerequisites''':
* Two RUTxxx routers of any type
* A device from the RUT, RUTX, RUTM, RUTC or TRB series gateway;
* Both RUTxxx routers must be accessible from each other's WAN connection
* A device which we will be reaching through port forward
* Firmware for the devices must be 00.07.xx.x or above. This is in part to make sure the StrongSwan service is U5.9.6 or >
* A PC, Laptop, tablet or a smartphone
* An end device (PC, Laptop) for configuration
* The Teltonika Networks device must have a SIM card with a Public Static or Public Dynamic IP address (more on IP address types '''[[Private and Public IP Addresses|here]]''') to make remote access possible
* (Optional) A second end device to test remote LAN access
* (Optional) If the router's SIM card has a Public Dynamic IP address, you may want to additionally configure a '''[[Dynamic DNS]]''' hostname
----


[Image Here showing RUT1 & RUT2 connected via Wan connection]
[RUT1 Wan IP: 192.168.1.3 Lan IP: 192.168.3.1]
[RUT2 Wan IP: 192.168.1.14 Lan IP: 192.168.14.1]


The figure above depicts two RUTxxx routers (RUT1 and RUT2) connected by an IPsec tunnel via their WAN interfaces.
{{Template:Networking_rutos_manual_basic_advanced_webui_disclaimer
| series = RUTX
}}


==Router configuration==
==Router configuration==


We will start our configuration with RUT1.
First, let's overview what configurations we'll be needing to set up:


This configuration guide will generate our own CA cert that will be used to self-sign our own keys and local certs for both devices.
* Enable '''remote HTTP access''', so that the router can be reached from a remote location
* Specify an '''Access Point Name''' ('''APN''') for the SIM card in use, so that the router will obtain a Public IP address
* Configure a '''Port Forwarding''' rule that redirects all connections from one Port to the camera's IP address:Port
* (Optional) Configure '''[[Dynamic DNS]]''' hostname


===Generating Certs===
===Enabling remote HTTP(S) access===
----
----
* To enable remote HTTP access, log in to the router's WebUI and navigate to the  '''System → Administration → Access Control''' tab. Once in the '''Administration-Access Control''', find the '''Enable remote HTTP access''' field and put a check mark next to it:




====Generating CA Cert====
[[File:RutOS_remote_camera_access_7.8_1.png|border|class=tlt-border|alt=|1000px]]
----
----


First we will generate our CA cert.
'''WARNING''': once you set up any type of remote access, your router becomes vulnerable to malicious attacks from unknown hosts throughout the Internet. It is highly recommended that once you enable remote access, you also change the router's default password to a string, custom password. You can change the router's password in '''[[RUT950_Administration#General|System → Administration → General → Administrator Password]]'''
 
====Step 2: Set an APN====
* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Administration → Certificates'''.
----
The following are the settings used for this example, but values should be changed depending on your specific needs:
'''Note:''' ''If you have a Public IP address already, you can skip this step.''
 
- File Type: '''''CA'''''
 
- Key Size: '''''1024'''''
 
- Name (CN): '''''CAIPSec''''' // This can be whatever name you choose.
 
- Subject Information: '''''Toggled On''''' // It is recommended to fill out at least Country Code, State/Province and Organization Name.
 
- Country Code (CC): '''''US''''' // Fill your country code
 
- State or Province Name (ST): '''''TX''''' // Fill your State/Province name
 
- Locality Name (L): '''''CAIPSec''''' // Fill your locality name, or at least a recognizable name for your CA
 
- Organization Name (O): '''''CAIPSec''''' // Fill your Organization name
 
- Organizational Unit Name (OU): '''''CAIPSEC''''' // Fill your specific Unit Name
 
- '''''Generate''''' Certificate
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec CA Cert Generating.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
After you hit Generate the CA cert you should see a confirmation notification pop-up near the top right, and if you select Certificates Manager you should see a CAIPSec.key.pem under *Keys* and a CAIPSec.req.pem under *Certificate requests*.
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec CA Cert Generating Confirmation.png|frame|none]]
[[File:IPSec CA Cert Generating Manager Check.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
Next we need to sign the CAIPSec CA. We will be Self-Signing our own CA.
Under the '''Certificate signing''' configure as follows:
 
- Signed Certificate Name: '''''CAIPSec'''''
 
- Type of Certificate to Sign: '''''Certificate Authority'''''
 
- Certificate Request File: '''''CAIPSec.req.pem'''''
 
- Days Valid: '''''3650''''' // For this example we will use 3650 days, but you can configure this to be longer if needed. I would caution against too long of a CA.
 
- Certificate Authority Key: '''''CAIPSec.key.pem'''''
 
- Leave the rest of the configuration default
 
- '''''Sign'''''
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec CA Cert Signing.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
After you hit *Sign* the CA cert you should see a notification pop-up near the top right, and if you select Certificates Manager you should see a CAIPSec.cert.pem under *Certificates*.
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec CA Cert Generating Confirmation2.png|frame|none]]
<br>
 
====Generating Rut1 Client Cert====
----
----
* To set the APN, while in the router's WebUI, navigate to the '''Network → WAN''':


* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Administration → Certificates'''.
The following are the settings used for this example, but values should be changed depending on your specific needs:
- File Type: '''''Client'''''
- Key Size: '''''1024'''''
- Name (CN): '''''RUT1''''' // This can be whatever name you choose.
- Subject Information: '''''Toggled On''''' // It is recommended to fill out at least Country Code, State/Province and Organization Name.
- Country Code (CC): '''''US''''' // Fill your country code
- State or Province Name (ST): '''''TX''''' // Fill your State/Province name
- Locality Name (L): '''''RUT1''''' // Fill your locality name, or at least a recognizable name for your CA
- Organization Name (O): '''''RUT1''''' // Fill your Organization name
- Organizational Unit Name (OU): '''''RUT1''''' // Fill your specific Unit Name
- '''''Generate''''' Certificate
<br>
[[File:IPSec RUT1 Cert Generating.png|frame|none]]
<br>
After you hit Generate the Client cert you should see a notification pop-up near the top right, and if you select Certificates Manager you should see a RUT1.key.pem under *Keys* and a RUT1.req.pem under *Certificate requests*.
<br>
[[File:IPSec RUT1 Cert Generating Confirmation.png|frame|none]]
<br>
Next we need to sign the RUT1 cert.
Under the `Certificate signing` configure as follows:
- Signed Certificate Name: '''''RUT1'''''
- Type of Certificate to Sign: '''''Client Certificate'''''
- Certificate Request File: '''''RUT1.req.pem'''''
- Days Valid: '''''3650'''''
- Certificate Authority File: '''''CAIPSec.cert.pem'''''
- Certificate Authority Key: '''''CAIPSec.key.pem'''''
- Leave the rest of the configuration alone
- '''''Sign'''''
<br>
[[File:IPSec RUT1 Cert Signing.png|frame|none]]
<br>
After you hit *Sign* the Client cert you should see a notification pop-up near the top right, and if you select Certificates Manager you should see a RUT1.cert.pem under *Certificates*.
<br>
[[File:IPSec RUT1 Cert Manager Check.png|frame|none]]


<br>
[[File:RutOS_remote_camera_access_7.8_2.png|border|class=tlt-border|alt=|1000x1000px]]
 
====Generating Rut2 Client Cert====
----
----
* Once in the '''WAN''' window, edit your mobile interface, find the '''APN''' field and enter you Internet Service Provider's APN:
# '''Disable the Auto APN option'''
# Choose the correct '''APN''', which gives out a public IP address (for more information about that contact your Internet Service Provider)


We will still generate RUT2 certs on the RUT1 device, so that we can sign our certs with the CA created earlier.
[[File:RutOS_remote_camera_access_7.8_3.png|border|class=tlt-border]]
Later we will download the certs required for RUT2 and import them there.
 
* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Administration → Certificates'''.
The following are the settings used for this example, but values should be changed depending on your specific needs:
 
- File Type: '''''Client'''''
 
- Key Size: '''''1024'''''
 
- Name (CN): '''''RUT2''''' // This can be whatever name you choose.
 
- Subject Information: '''''Toggled On''''' // It is recommended to fill out at least Country Code, State/Province and Organization Name.
 
- Country Code (CC): '''''US''''' // Fill your country code
 
- State or Province Name (ST): '''''TX''''' // Fill your State/Province name
 
- Locality Name (L): '''''RUT2''''' // Fill your locality name, or at least a recognizable name for your CA
 
- Organization Name (O): '''''RUT2''''' // Fill your Organization name
 
- Organizational Unit Name (OU): '''''RUT2''''' // Fill your specific Unit Name
 
- '''''Generate''''' Certificate
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec RUT2 Cert Generating.png|frame|none]]


<br>
* Additional notes on APN:
After you hit Generate the Client cert you should see a notification pop-up near the top right, and if you select Certificates Manager you should see a RUT2.key.pem under *Keys* and a RUT2.req.pem under *Certificate requests*.
** '''NOTE 1''': don't use the exact APN value as seen in the example above as it will not work with your SIM card. APN depends on your Internet Service Provider (ISP), therefore, your ISP should provide you with their APN or, in many case, you can find your ISP's APN with an online search.
<br>
** '''NOTE 2''': furthermore, it should be noted that not all SIM cards support this functionality. Static or Dynamic Public IP addresses (obtained through APN) are a paid service and setting any APN value for a SIM card that doesn't support this service will most likely result in losing your data connection. If this is the case, it can be fixed by simply deleting the APN, but it also means that remote access through WAN IP will most likely not work on your SIM card.
** '''NOTE 3''': in some cases the SIM card doesn't require an APN in order to obtain a Public IP address. If that is the case for you, simply check what your router's WAN IP address is - if it's already a Public IP address, then you don't need to set an APN. The easiest way to find what your WAN IP address is to log in to the router's WebUI and check the '''WAN''' widget in the '''Overview''' page. The WAN widget will be on the right side of the page, second widget from the top:
[[File:WANpublic.png|alt=|border|center|frameless|660x660px]]


[[File:IPSec RUT2 Cert Generating Confirmation.png|frame|none]]
===Step 3: Configure Port Forwarding===
 
<br>
Next we need to sign the RUT2 cert.
Under the `Certificate signing` configure as follows:
 
- Signed Certificate Name: '''''RUT2'''''
 
- Type of Certificate to Sign: '''''Client Certificate'''''
 
- Certificate Request File: '''''RUT2.req.pem'''''
 
- Days Valid: '''''3650'''''
 
- Certificate Authority File: '''''CAIPSec.cert.pem'''''
 
- Certificate Authority Key: '''''CAIPSec.key.pem'''''
 
- Leave the rest of the configuration alone
 
- '''''Sign'''''
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec RUT2 Cert Signing.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
After you hit *Sign* the Client cert you should see a notification pop-up near the top right, and if you select Certificates Manager you should see a RUT2.cert.pem under *Certificates*.
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec RUT2 Cert Manager Check.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
====Download/Import Certs====
----
----
* Navigate to the '''Port Forwards''' tab by going to '''Network → Firewall → Port Forwards''':
* Scroll down to the bottom of the page and locate the '''New Port Forward Rule''' section. Set the following parameters:
# Custom name for the port forward.
# External port(s): '''8888''' (camera's HTTP port as set in the [[Hikvision:_remote_camera_access#Camera.27s_Web_User_Interface_.28WebUI.29|3.2]] section of this article)
# Internal IP: '''192.168.1.64''' (camera's IP as set in the [[Hikvision:_remote_camera_access#Camera.27s_Web_User_Interface_.28WebUI.29|3.2]] section of this article)
# Internal port(s): '''8888'''
# Click on '''Add''' button.


Starting with RUT1
[[File:RutOS_remote_camera_access_7.8_4.png|border|class=tlt-border|alt=|1000px]]
 
* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Administration → Certificates -> Certificates Manager'''
* Download CAIPSec.cert.pem, RUT1.cert.pem, RUT1.key.pem, RUT2.cert.pem & RUT2.key.pem
* Go to '''System → Administration → Certificates -> Root CA'''. Toggle '''On'''. Select '''CAIPSec.cert.pem''' -> '''Upload''' & then '''Save'''
 
Next moving to RUT2
 
* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Administration → Certificates -> Certificates Manager'''
* Import Certificate File *Browse* and import CAIPSec.cert.pem, RUT1.cert.pem, RUT2.cert.pem & RUT2.key.pem
* Go to '''System → Administration → Certificates -> Root CA'''. Toggle '''On'''. Select '''CAIPSec.cert.pem''' -> '''Upload''' & then '''Save'''
 
===IPSec RUT1 Config===
----
----
* If you plan viewing the camera's live stream via some sort of media player (for example, VLC), you should configure an additional Port Forwarding rule. Media players like VLC use the '''RTSP''' protocol. You can check the RTSP port in the camera's WebUI (as discussed in the [[Hikvision:_remote_camera_access#Camera.27s_Web_User_Interface_.28WebUI.29|3.2]] section of this article), but the RTSP default port is always '''554''' and there is no need to change it since by default the router doesn't use this port for any of its services (unless you use for some custom configuration. In that case, change the default RTSP port). So, once again make up a custom name for a new rule and set the following parameters:
# Custom name for the port forward.
# External port(s): '''554''' (camera's RTSP port)
# Internal IP: '''192.168.1.64''' (camera's IP as set in the [[Hikvision:_remote_camera_access#Camera.27s_Web_User_Interface_.28WebUI.29|3.2]] section of this article)
# Internal port(s): '''554'''
# Click on '''Add''' button.


* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Services → VPN -> IPsec'''
[[File:RutOS_remote_camera_access_7.8_5.png|border|class=tlt-border|alt=|1000px]]
* Add a new instance called '''CA_EX'''
<br>
 
[[File:IPSec RUT1 Config Add CA EX.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
* IPsec Instance General settings configuration as follows:
 
    - Remote endpoint: '''''192.168.1.14''''' // This should be RUT2 WAN IP. You should be able to ping this IP from RUT1 WAN IP.
 
    - Authentication method: '''''X.509'''''
 
    - Key: '''''RUT1.key.pem''''' // Browse and import the RUT1.key.pem we created & downloaded earlier.
 
    - Key decryption passphrase: Leave blank // This is only needed if an additional password was added to the cert, which we did not do in our earlier steps.
 
    - Local certificate: '''''RUT1.cert.pem''''' // Browse and import the RUT1.cert.pem we created & downloaded earlier.
 
    - CA certificate: '''''CAIPSec.cert.pem''''' // Browse and import the CAIPSec.cert.pem we created & downloaded earlier.
 
    - Local identifier: '''''192.168.3.1''''' // We will use the LAN IP of RUT1 for the Identifier
 
    - Remote identifier: '''''192.168.14.1''''' // We will use the LAN IP of RUT2 for the Identifier
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Instance General Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* IPsec Instance Advanced settings configuration as follows:
 
    - Remote certificate: '''''RUT2.cert.pem''''' // Upload RUT2 cert we created earlier.
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Instance Advanced Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Connection settings General settings configuration as follows:
 
    - Mode: '''''Start''''' // start loads a connection and brings it up immediately. For more configuration information please reference *auto* here (https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/Connsection)
 
    - Type: '''''Tunnel'''''
 
    - Default route: '''''off''''' // Only use this if you want your default route to be out this tunnel.
 
    - Local subnet: '''''192.168.3.0/24''''' // RUT1 LAN subnet we want access to through the tunnel
 
    - Remote subnet: '''''192.168.14.0/24''''' // RUT2 LAN subnet we want access to through the tunnel
 
    - Key exchange: '''''IKEv2'''''
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Connection Settings General Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Connection settings Advanced settings configuration as follows:
 
    - Force encapsulation: '''''On'''''
 
    - Local Firewall: '''''On'''''
 
    - Remote Firewall: '''''On'''''
 
    - Inactivity: '''''3600''''' // This is in seconds. Can be changed depending on how often you want the tunnel to be checked for data passing.
 
    - Dead peer detection: '''''On'''''
 
    - DPD action: '''''Restart'''''
 
    - DPD delay: '''''30''''' // This is in seconds.
 
    - DPD Timeout: '''''150''''' // This is in seconds.
 
    - The rest of the configuration leave as default
 
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Connection Settings Advanced Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Connection settings Proposal settings configuration as follows:
 
* Phase 1
- Proposals // It is VERY important that these settings match between both RUT1 & RUT2
  - Encryption: '''''AES 128'''''
 
  - Authentication: '''''SHA1'''''
 
  - DH group: '''''MODP1536'''''
 
  - Force crypto proposal: '''''Off'''''
 
  - IKE lifetime: '''''3h'''''
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Proposal Settings Phase1.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Phase 2
- Proposals // It is VERY important that these settings match between both RUT1 & RUT2
  - Encryption: '''''AES 128'''''
 
  - Hash: '''''SHA1'''''
 
  - PFS group: '''''MODP1536'''''
 
  - Force crypto proposal: '''''Off'''''
 
  - IKE lifetime: '''''3h'''''
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Proposal Settings Phase2.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Hit '''''Save & Apply'''''
* Toggle the CA_EX tunnel on and hit '''''Save & Apply''''' once more
<br>
[[File:RUT1 IPSec Toggle On Save And Apply.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
* Reboot the device once you have finished.
 
 
===IPSec RUT2 Config===
----
----
* Don't forget to click '''Save & Apply''' after you've made the changes. After you have added the new rule, you will redirected to that rule's configuration window. Everything should already be in order so just click '''Save & Apply''' and your rule will be created. The new rule will appear at the bottom of the '''Port Forwarding Rules''' list, where you can check its status and make additional configurations if need be:




* Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''System → Services → VPN -> IPsec'''
* Add a new instance called '''CA_EX'''
<br>
[[File:IPSec_RUT1_Config_Add_CA_EX.png|frame|none]]
<br>
* IPsec Instance General settings configuration as follows:
 
    - Remote endpoint: '''''192.168.1.3''''' // This should be RUT1 WAN IP. You should be able to ping this IP from RUT2 WAN IP.
    - Authentication method: '''''X.509'''''
    - Key: '''''RUT2.key.pem''''' // Browse and import the RUT2.key.pem we created & downloaded earlier.
    - Key decryption passphrase: Leave blank // This is only needed if an additional password was added to the cert, which we did not do in our earlier steps.
    - Local certificate: '''''RUT2.cert.pem''''' // Browse and import the RUT1.cert.pem we created & downloaded earlier.
    - CA certificate: '''''CAIPSec.cert.pem''''' // Browse and import the CAIPSec.cert.pem we created & downloaded earlier.
    - Local identifier: '''''192.168.14.1''''' // We will use the LAN IP of RUT2 for the Identifier
    - Remote identifier: '''''192.168.3.1''''' // We will use the LAN IP of RUT1 for the Identifier
<br>
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Instance General Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
<br>
* Connection settings Advanced settings configuration as follows:
 
    - Remote certificate: '''''RUT1.cert.pem''''' // Upload RUT1 cert we created earlier.
<br>
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Instance Advanced Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
<br>
* Connection settings General settings configuration as follows:
    - Mode: '''''Start''''' // start loads a connection and brings it up immediately. For more configuration information please reference *auto* here (https://wiki.strongswan.org/projects/strongswan/wiki/Connsection)
    - Type: '''''Tunnel'''''
    - Default route: '''''off''''' // Only use this if you want your default route to be out this tunnel.
    - Local subnet: '''''192.168.14.0/24''''' // RUT2 LAN subnet we want access to through the tunnel
    - Remote subnet: '''''192.168.3.0/24''''' // RUT1 LAN subnet we want access to through the tunnel
    - Key exchange: '''''IKEv2'''''
<br>
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Connection Settings General Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
<br>
* Connection settings Advanced settings configuration as follows:
    - Force encapsulation: '''''On'''''
    - Local Firewall: '''''On'''''
    - Remote Firewall: '''''On'''''
    - Inactivity: '''''3600''''' // This is in seconds. Can be changed depending on how often you want the tunnel to be checked for data passing.
    - Dead peer detection: '''''On'''''


    - DPD action: '''''Restart'''''
[[File:RutOS_remote_camera_access_7.8_6.png|border|class=tlt-border|alt=|1000px]]


    - DPD delay: '''''30''''' // This is in seconds.
'''FINAL NOTE''': as you can see, once you add the new rule, it is already enabled and ready for use. From this point no more additional configurations are required, as your remote camera monitoring configuration is fully set up. Unless you want to set up Dynamic DNS for your router, you can skip to the '''[[#Testing_the_set_up|Testing the set up]]''' part of this guide.


    - DPD Timeout: '''''150''''' // This is in seconds.
===(Optional) Step 4: Configure Dynamic DNS===
 
    - The rest of the configuration leave as default
<br>
 
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Connection Settings Advanced Settings Configuration.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Connection settings Proposal settings configuration as follows:
 
* Phase 1
- Proposals // It is VERY important that these settings match between both RUT1 & RUT2
  - Encryption: '''''AES 128'''''
 
  - Authentication: '''''SHA1'''''
 
  - DH group: '''''MODP1536'''''
 
  - Force crypto proposal: '''''Off'''''
 
  - IKE lifetime: '''''3h'''''
<br>
 
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Proposal Settings Phase1.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Phase 2
- Proposals // It is VERY important that these settings match between both RUT1 & RUT2
  - Encryption: '''''AES 128'''''
 
  - Hash: '''''SHA1'''''
 
  - PFS group: '''''MODP1536'''''
 
  - Force crypto proposal: '''''Off'''''
 
  - IKE lifetime: '''''3h'''''
<br>
 
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Proposal Settings Phase2.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Hit '''''Save & Apply'''''
* Toggle the CA_EX tunnel on and hit '''''Save & Apply''''' once more
<br>
 
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Toggle On Save And Apply.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* Reboot the device once you have finished.
 
 
==Testing configuration==
----
----
'''[[Dynamic DNS]]''' ('''DDNS''' or '''DynDNS''') is a method of automatically updating a name server in the Domain Name System (DNS), often in real time, with the active DDNS configuration of its configured hostnames, addresses or other information.


===RUT1 to RUT2 Test===
Dynamic DNS configuration is optional here, but it is recommended if your SIM card has a Dynamic Public IP address. You can find more information on what a Dynamic Public IP address is '''[[Private_and_Public_IP_Addresses#Dynamic_IP_address|here]]''', but in short it means that your WAN IP address is Dynamic and, therefore, it may change over time (usually when disconnecting/reconnecting or re-registering to a network). Dynamic DNS assigns a hostname to your IP address and constantly updates that hostname, which means that even if your IP address changes, DDNS will assign the same hostname to your new IP, making your router reachable via the same hostname at any time.
----


Here we will check via SSH on both RUT1 & RUT2 devices that the IPsec tunnel has been established.
You must use an external DDNS service to create a hostname and assign it to your IP. RUT routers support many such services. You can find a complete list of supported DDNS services in the '''Services → Dynamic DNS''' section of the router's WebUI. You can also find guides on how to configure some of these services in our wiki:
That each RUT device can ping the other's LAN IP. In this case 192.168.3.1 for RUT1 & 192.168.14.1 for RUT2.
And that LAN device on RUT1 can ping LAN device on RUT2.
* First make sure each device has been rebooted at least once after you have finished configuring the previous steps.
* SSH into RUT1 device
* '''''ipsec statusall''''' // This should show 2 up with Security Associations and that the connection should be up for some minutes. You should also see the Cert info from the certs we created earlier.
<br>


[[File:RUT1 IPSec Status.png|frame|none]]
* '''[[Dynu.com DDNS configuration]]'''
* '''[[Dnsdynamic.org DDNS configuration]]'''
* '''[[Noip.com DDNS configuration]]'''


<br>
The guides contain information on how to configure both the router and the third party service. Choose one according to your liking.
* '''''ping 192.168.14.1''''' // You should get a response if the tunnel has established properly
<br>
 
[[File:RUT1 Ping To RUT2 Check.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* SSH into RUT2 device
* '''''ipsec statusall''''' // This should show 2 up with Security Associations and that the connection should be up for some minutes. You should also see the Cert info from the certs we created earlier.
<br>
 
[[File:RUT2 IPSec Status.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* '''''ping 192.168.3.1''''' // You should get a response if the tunnel has established properly
<br>
 
[[File:RUT2 Ping To RUT1 Check.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
* SSH into RUT1 device
* '''''opkg update'''''
* '''''opkg install tcpdump'''''
* '''''tcpdump -i any -w Checking_For_ESP_Packets.pcap'''''
* SSH into RUT2 device
* On RUT2 ping the LAN ip for RUT1 and leave that running. In our example that would be `ping 192.168.3.1`
* On RUT1 wait 10 seconds then CTRL+C to stop the program
* Then use a program like WinSCP to download '''Checking_For_ESP_Packets.pcap''' from RUT1
* Open the file in a program called Wireshark and filter for encrypted ESP packets with this '''_ws.col.protocol == "ESP"'''. You should see ESP packets from both the WAN IPs. You shouldn't be able to see inside the packet because it is now encrypted, but if we decrypted the packets we would see the ICMP packets between the 2 RUT devices.
<br>
 
[[File:Checking Pcap With Wireshark.png|frame|none]]
 
<br>
 
===RUT1 LAN device to RUT2 LAN device Test===
----


Here we will confirm that LAN devices behind either RUTxxx devices are able to communicate with each other.
==Testing the set up==


* Attach a Windows/MacOS/Linux PC via ethernet or wifi to RUT1 LAN. Remove or disable any other active interfaces on your PC.
* Disable the firewall. Examples for each OS as follows.
  * Windows 10/11
    1. Press '''''Windows-Key + R'''''
    2. Type '''''control''''' and hit enter
    3. Navigate to Firewall Settings -> System and Security -> Windows Defender Firewall
    4. On the left sidebar, click "Turn Windows Defender Firewall on or off"
    5. Select "Turn off Windows Defender Firewall (not recommended)" under both the Private and Public network settings
    6. Click "OK" to apply the changes
  * MacOS Ventura
    1. Click on Apple menu and select "System Preferences"
    2. Click on "Security & Privacy"
    3. Click on the "Firewall" tab
    4. Select the lock icon at the bottom left and enter your administrator password
    5. Select "Turn Off Firewall"
  * Linux (Ubuntu)
    1. Open a Terminal window
    2. '''''sudo ufw disable'''''
* Perform similar steps above for a 2nd device connected to RUT2 LAN
* Once both devices are connected to the LAN of RUT1 & RUT2 you should be able to ping the devices from each other.
<br>


[[File:LAN To LAN Device Ping.png|frame|none]]


<br>
==See Also==
* Afterwards make sure to re-enable the firewall for both LAN devices
Most Teltonika-Networks devices have the port forwarding feature. Configuration is described in the user manual Firewall page for each device.

Revision as of 14:53, 4 September 2024

The information on this page is updated in accordance with the 00.07.09 firmware version .

Summary

This article contains instructions on how to configure Port Foward functionality on most of the Teltonika Networks devices (with the exception of TAP and TSW series)

Port Forwarding is the process of redirecting data packets to another destination. In Teltonika-Networks devices this is a feature of the iptables firewall, NAT table, PREROUTING chain. When a packet matches a port forwarding rule, the destination and/or port values are changed in the packet header.

Configuration overview & prerequisites

Before we begin, let's take a look at the configuration that we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.

Configuring port forwarding on Teltonika devices is a simple process that involves just a few steps and can easily be replicated across various devices. The number of devices involved will depend on the specific use case, but the setup can be scaled seamlessly. In the example below, we will use the RUTX50 as the primary device with mobile internet connectivity, acting as the gateway and DHCP server. This setup allows us to remotely access third-party devices connected to RUTX50 over the internet.

Prerequisites:

  • A device from the RUT, RUTX, RUTM, RUTC or TRB series gateway;
  • A device which we will be reaching through port forward
  • A PC, Laptop, tablet or a smartphone
  • The Teltonika Networks device must have a SIM card with a Public Static or Public Dynamic IP address (more on IP address types here) to make remote access possible
  • (Optional) If the router's SIM card has a Public Dynamic IP address, you may want to additionally configure a Dynamic DNS hostname


If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on "Advanced WebUI" mode. You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.

Router configuration

First, let's overview what configurations we'll be needing to set up:

  • Enable remote HTTP access, so that the router can be reached from a remote location
  • Specify an Access Point Name (APN) for the SIM card in use, so that the router will obtain a Public IP address
  • Configure a Port Forwarding rule that redirects all connections from one Port to the camera's IP address:Port
  • (Optional) Configure Dynamic DNS hostname

Enabling remote HTTP(S) access

  • To enable remote HTTP access, log in to the router's WebUI and navigate to the System → Administration → Access Control tab. Once in the Administration-Access Control, find the Enable remote HTTP access field and put a check mark next to it:


WARNING: once you set up any type of remote access, your router becomes vulnerable to malicious attacks from unknown hosts throughout the Internet. It is highly recommended that once you enable remote access, you also change the router's default password to a string, custom password. You can change the router's password in System → Administration → General → Administrator Password

Step 2: Set an APN

Note: If you have a Public IP address already, you can skip this step.

  • To set the APN, while in the router's WebUI, navigate to the Network → WAN:


  • Once in the WAN window, edit your mobile interface, find the APN field and enter you Internet Service Provider's APN:
  1. Disable the Auto APN option
  2. Choose the correct APN, which gives out a public IP address (for more information about that contact your Internet Service Provider)

  • Additional notes on APN:
    • NOTE 1: don't use the exact APN value as seen in the example above as it will not work with your SIM card. APN depends on your Internet Service Provider (ISP), therefore, your ISP should provide you with their APN or, in many case, you can find your ISP's APN with an online search.
    • NOTE 2: furthermore, it should be noted that not all SIM cards support this functionality. Static or Dynamic Public IP addresses (obtained through APN) are a paid service and setting any APN value for a SIM card that doesn't support this service will most likely result in losing your data connection. If this is the case, it can be fixed by simply deleting the APN, but it also means that remote access through WAN IP will most likely not work on your SIM card.
    • NOTE 3: in some cases the SIM card doesn't require an APN in order to obtain a Public IP address. If that is the case for you, simply check what your router's WAN IP address is - if it's already a Public IP address, then you don't need to set an APN. The easiest way to find what your WAN IP address is to log in to the router's WebUI and check the WAN widget in the Overview page. The WAN widget will be on the right side of the page, second widget from the top:

Step 3: Configure Port Forwarding

  • Navigate to the Port Forwards tab by going to Network → Firewall → Port Forwards:
  • Scroll down to the bottom of the page and locate the New Port Forward Rule section. Set the following parameters:
  1. Custom name for the port forward.
  2. External port(s): 8888 (camera's HTTP port as set in the 3.2 section of this article)
  3. Internal IP: 192.168.1.64 (camera's IP as set in the 3.2 section of this article)
  4. Internal port(s): 8888
  5. Click on Add button.

  • If you plan viewing the camera's live stream via some sort of media player (for example, VLC), you should configure an additional Port Forwarding rule. Media players like VLC use the RTSP protocol. You can check the RTSP port in the camera's WebUI (as discussed in the 3.2 section of this article), but the RTSP default port is always 554 and there is no need to change it since by default the router doesn't use this port for any of its services (unless you use for some custom configuration. In that case, change the default RTSP port). So, once again make up a custom name for a new rule and set the following parameters:
  1. Custom name for the port forward.
  2. External port(s): 554 (camera's RTSP port)
  3. Internal IP: 192.168.1.64 (camera's IP as set in the 3.2 section of this article)
  4. Internal port(s): 554
  5. Click on Add button.

  • Don't forget to click Save & Apply after you've made the changes. After you have added the new rule, you will redirected to that rule's configuration window. Everything should already be in order so just click Save & Apply and your rule will be created. The new rule will appear at the bottom of the Port Forwarding Rules list, where you can check its status and make additional configurations if need be:


FINAL NOTE: as you can see, once you add the new rule, it is already enabled and ready for use. From this point no more additional configurations are required, as your remote camera monitoring configuration is fully set up. Unless you want to set up Dynamic DNS for your router, you can skip to the Testing the set up part of this guide.

(Optional) Step 4: Configure Dynamic DNS

Dynamic DNS (DDNS or DynDNS) is a method of automatically updating a name server in the Domain Name System (DNS), often in real time, with the active DDNS configuration of its configured hostnames, addresses or other information.

Dynamic DNS configuration is optional here, but it is recommended if your SIM card has a Dynamic Public IP address. You can find more information on what a Dynamic Public IP address is here, but in short it means that your WAN IP address is Dynamic and, therefore, it may change over time (usually when disconnecting/reconnecting or re-registering to a network). Dynamic DNS assigns a hostname to your IP address and constantly updates that hostname, which means that even if your IP address changes, DDNS will assign the same hostname to your new IP, making your router reachable via the same hostname at any time.

You must use an external DDNS service to create a hostname and assign it to your IP. RUT routers support many such services. You can find a complete list of supported DDNS services in the Services → Dynamic DNS section of the router's WebUI. You can also find guides on how to configure some of these services in our wiki:

The guides contain information on how to configure both the router and the third party service. Choose one according to your liking.

Testing the set up

See Also

Most Teltonika-Networks devices have the port forwarding feature. Configuration is described in the user manual Firewall page for each device.

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