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IPsec site to site configuration between Teltonika and Fortinet devices (view source)
Revision as of 15:50, 19 June 2024
, 19 JuneCreated page with " <p style="color:red">The information in this page is updated in accordance with [https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/FW_%26_SDK_Downloads'''00.07.07.2'''] firmware versi..."
<p style="color:red">The information in this page is updated in accordance with [https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/FW_%26_SDK_Downloads'''00.07.07.2'''] firmware version.</p>
==Introduction==
Normally we configure IPsec for LAN-to-LAN communication, also known as split-tunnel VPN, when only specific hosts or subnets should be reachable via a VPN tunnel. However, we may also take a different approach and configure a VPN tunnel using the full tunnel method. This means that any non-directly connected network (i.e. lan interface) will be reachable only via IPsec tunnel and not via the typical default route.
==Configuration overview and prerequisites==
Before we begin, let's look at the configuration we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.
'''Prerequisites:'''
* One RUT/RUTX series router or TRB gateway with RUTOS firmware;
* One Fortinet series router;
* An end device (PC, Laptop) for configuration;
If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on '''"Advanced WebUI" mode.''' You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_webui_basic_advanced_mode_75.gif|border|center|class=tlt-border|1102x93px]]
==Topology==
'''RUT''' – '''RUT''' will act as a '''hub'''. A hub is a server, to which our spoke will be connected (IPsec responder). It will be our "default gateway" for the spoke device. RUT has a LAN subnet of 192.168.1.0/24 and a WAN with Public IP, which should be reachable by the spoke.
'''Fortinet''' – '''Fortinet''' will act as a '''spoke'''. A spoke is a client, that will be connected to the hub (IPsec initiator). It will be connected to a '''hub''' for basic internet access. Fortinet has a LAN subnet of 192.168.5.0/24 and a WAN with private IP.
[[File:TopologijaIPsecPublicRutSingleLAN.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
==Fortinet configuration==
Start by configuring the '''Fortinet''' device. Login to the WebUI, navigate to '''VPN → IPsec Tunnels → Create new → IPsec Tunnel → Template Custom'''. Configure everything as follows.
'''Note:''' ''Not specified fields can be left as is or changed according to your needs.''
===Network configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# Remote Gateway – '''''Static IP Address;'''''
# IP Address – '''''RUT public IP;'''''
#Interface – '''''wan1;'''''
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_network_public_ip.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Authentication configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# Method – '''''Pre-shared Key;'''''
# Pre-shared Key – '''''your desired password;'''''
# Version – '''''2;'''''
[[File:Fortigate_IPsec_Authentication_Configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Phase 1 Proposal configuration===
----
'''Note:''' ''This is only an example of a secure configuration. Other algorithms or even combinations of them could be used. However, we strongly recommend refraining from using older encryption and hashing algorithms unless support for certain legacy systems is required.''
Make the following changes:
# Encryption – '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# Diffie-Hellman Group – '''''16;'''''
# Key Lifetime (seconds) – '''''86400;'''''
[[File:Fortigate_IPsec_Phase1_Proposal_Configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Phase 2 Selectors configuration===
----
'''Note:''' ''This is only an example of a secure configuration. Other algorithms or even combinations of them could be used. However, we strongly recommend refraining from using older encryption and hashing algorithms unless support for certain legacy systems is required.''
Make the following changes:
'''''Click on Advanced settings;'''''
# Encryption – '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# Diffie-Hellman Group – '''''16;'''''
# Key Lifetime – '''''Seconds;'''''
# Seconds – '''''86400;'''''
[[File:Fortigate_IPsec_Phase2_Proposal_Configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Firewall configuration===
After setting up our IPsec instance, we will need to configure our firewall accordingly. Navigate to '''Policy & Objects → Firewall Policy → and click on a Create new button.'''. Configure everything as follows.
----
In this example, we are allowing all types of traffic through the tunnel, but you can restrict certain traffic by specifying the services that are allowed via the tunnel.
Make the following changes:
# Incoming interface - '''''lan;'''''
# Outgoing interface - '''''IPsec tunnel interface name (In this case it is Teltonika);'''''
# Source - '''''192.168.5.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Destination - '''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''
# Service - '''ALL;'''
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Firewall_Forti_to_RUT.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
----
Then create a second firewall rule.
Make the following changes:
# Incoming interface - '''''IPsec tunnel interface name (In this case it is Teltonika);'''''
# Outgoing interface - '''''lan;'''''
# Source - '''''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Destination - '''192.168.5.0/255.255.255.0;'''
# Service - '''ALL;'''
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Firewall_RUT_to_Forti.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Static Routes configuration===
After setting up our IPsec instance and firewall, we will need to configure our static route accordingly. Navigate to '''Network → Static routes → and click on a Create new button.'''. For that we will need to create two static routes, one for blackhole and one for accessing our RUT device, configure everything as follows.
----
Make the following changes:
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Add_route_tunnel.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Destination - '''''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Interface - '''''Tunnel interface name (In this case it is Teltonika);'''''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
----
Then create a new static route for blackhole.
Make the following changes:
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Add_route_to_blackhole.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Destination - '''''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Interface - '''''Blackhole;'''''
# Administrative distance - '''''254;'''''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
==RUT configuration==
Start by configuring the '''RUT''' device. Login to the WebUI, navigate to '''Services → VPN → IPsec and add a new IPsec instance.''' Configure everything as follows.
'''Note:''' ''Not specified fields can be left as is or changed according to your needs.''
===Instance configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# '''''Enable''''' instance;
# Authentication method - '''''Pre-shared key;'''''
# Pre-shared key - the '''''same password''''' you have '''''set on Fortinet''''' when configuring the '''''Fortinet IPsec instance;'''''
# Local identifier – '''''RUT LAN IP;'''''
# Remote identifier – '''''%any;'''''
[[File:Rut_IPsec_configuration_instance_site_to_site.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Connection general section configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# Mode - '''''Start;'''''
# Type - '''''Tunnel;'''''
# Local subnet – '''''192.168.1.0/24;'''''
# Remote subnet – '''''192.168.5.0/24;'''''
# Key exchange - '''''IKEv2;'''''
[[File:Rut_IPsec_configuration_connection_general_site_to_site.png|border|class=tlt-border|686x482px|center]]
===Proposal configuration===
----
'''Note:''' ''This is only an example of a secure configuration. Other algorithms or even combinations of them could be used. However, we strongly recommend refraining from using older encryption and hashing algorithms unless support for certain legacy systems is required.''
Make the following changes:
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Networking_webui_manual_IPsec_configuration_proposal_phase1_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|671x336px|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Encryption - '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# DH group - '''''MODP4096;'''''
# IKE lifetime - '''86400s'''.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
----
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Networking_webui_manual_IPsec_configuration_proposal_phase2_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|644x331px|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Encryption - '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# PFS group - '''''MODP4096;'''''
# Lifetime – '''''86400s;'''''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
==Testing the configuration==
----
If you have followed all the above steps, your configuration should be finished. But as with any other configuration, it is always wise to test the setup in order to make sure that it works properly.
Using the <code><span class="highlight">'''ipsec status'''</span></code> or we can use <code><span class="highlight">'''ipsec statusall'''</span></code> command for a more verbose output. With these commands we can see that the IPsec tunnel is successfully established on RUT router. The command output on a '''RUT''' device:
[[File:Networking_ssh_manual_IPsec_configuration_IPsec_statusall_test_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|971x135px|center]]
----
Also, we should be able to ping Fortigate device, we can check it out by executing this command via command line on RUT device: <code><span class="highlight" >'''ping 192.168.5.99'''</span></code>:
[[File:Networking_ssh_manual_IPsec_configuration_test_ping_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|506x133px|center]]
----
To check if IPsec tunnel is working properly from '''Fortinet''', we can try pinging our '''RUT''' device by using this command in command line interface on Fortinet<code><span class="highlight" >'''exec ping 192.168.1.1'''</span></code>, if you are not able to ping '''RUT''' device, try changing the source interface from which we try pinging, by executing this command <code><span class="highlight" >'''exec ping-options source 192.168.5.99'''</span></code>:
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_test_ping.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
----
We can also check if IPsec tunnel is working properly from '''Fortinet''' WebUI, navigate to '''VPN → IPSec Tunnels''' and there you will see if the tunnel is working:
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_WebUI_tunnel_status.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
==See also==
[https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/RUTX12_VPN#IPsec IPsec on Teltonika Networks devices]
==External links==
[https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/vpn/strongswan/basics OpenWrt Ipsec basics]
[https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.4.2/administration-guide/762500/general-ipsec-vpn-configuration Fortinet Ipsec configuration]
==Introduction==
Normally we configure IPsec for LAN-to-LAN communication, also known as split-tunnel VPN, when only specific hosts or subnets should be reachable via a VPN tunnel. However, we may also take a different approach and configure a VPN tunnel using the full tunnel method. This means that any non-directly connected network (i.e. lan interface) will be reachable only via IPsec tunnel and not via the typical default route.
==Configuration overview and prerequisites==
Before we begin, let's look at the configuration we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.
'''Prerequisites:'''
* One RUT/RUTX series router or TRB gateway with RUTOS firmware;
* One Fortinet series router;
* An end device (PC, Laptop) for configuration;
If you're having trouble finding this page or some of the parameters described here on your device's WebUI, you should turn on '''"Advanced WebUI" mode.''' You can do that by clicking the "Advanced" button, located at the top of the WebUI.
[[File:Networking_rutos_manual_webui_basic_advanced_mode_75.gif|border|center|class=tlt-border|1102x93px]]
==Topology==
'''RUT''' – '''RUT''' will act as a '''hub'''. A hub is a server, to which our spoke will be connected (IPsec responder). It will be our "default gateway" for the spoke device. RUT has a LAN subnet of 192.168.1.0/24 and a WAN with Public IP, which should be reachable by the spoke.
'''Fortinet''' – '''Fortinet''' will act as a '''spoke'''. A spoke is a client, that will be connected to the hub (IPsec initiator). It will be connected to a '''hub''' for basic internet access. Fortinet has a LAN subnet of 192.168.5.0/24 and a WAN with private IP.
[[File:TopologijaIPsecPublicRutSingleLAN.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
==Fortinet configuration==
Start by configuring the '''Fortinet''' device. Login to the WebUI, navigate to '''VPN → IPsec Tunnels → Create new → IPsec Tunnel → Template Custom'''. Configure everything as follows.
'''Note:''' ''Not specified fields can be left as is or changed according to your needs.''
===Network configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# Remote Gateway – '''''Static IP Address;'''''
# IP Address – '''''RUT public IP;'''''
#Interface – '''''wan1;'''''
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_network_public_ip.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Authentication configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# Method – '''''Pre-shared Key;'''''
# Pre-shared Key – '''''your desired password;'''''
# Version – '''''2;'''''
[[File:Fortigate_IPsec_Authentication_Configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Phase 1 Proposal configuration===
----
'''Note:''' ''This is only an example of a secure configuration. Other algorithms or even combinations of them could be used. However, we strongly recommend refraining from using older encryption and hashing algorithms unless support for certain legacy systems is required.''
Make the following changes:
# Encryption – '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# Diffie-Hellman Group – '''''16;'''''
# Key Lifetime (seconds) – '''''86400;'''''
[[File:Fortigate_IPsec_Phase1_Proposal_Configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Phase 2 Selectors configuration===
----
'''Note:''' ''This is only an example of a secure configuration. Other algorithms or even combinations of them could be used. However, we strongly recommend refraining from using older encryption and hashing algorithms unless support for certain legacy systems is required.''
Make the following changes:
'''''Click on Advanced settings;'''''
# Encryption – '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# Diffie-Hellman Group – '''''16;'''''
# Key Lifetime – '''''Seconds;'''''
# Seconds – '''''86400;'''''
[[File:Fortigate_IPsec_Phase2_Proposal_Configuration.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Firewall configuration===
After setting up our IPsec instance, we will need to configure our firewall accordingly. Navigate to '''Policy & Objects → Firewall Policy → and click on a Create new button.'''. Configure everything as follows.
----
In this example, we are allowing all types of traffic through the tunnel, but you can restrict certain traffic by specifying the services that are allowed via the tunnel.
Make the following changes:
# Incoming interface - '''''lan;'''''
# Outgoing interface - '''''IPsec tunnel interface name (In this case it is Teltonika);'''''
# Source - '''''192.168.5.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Destination - '''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''
# Service - '''ALL;'''
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Firewall_Forti_to_RUT.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
----
Then create a second firewall rule.
Make the following changes:
# Incoming interface - '''''IPsec tunnel interface name (In this case it is Teltonika);'''''
# Outgoing interface - '''''lan;'''''
# Source - '''''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Destination - '''192.168.5.0/255.255.255.0;'''
# Service - '''ALL;'''
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Firewall_RUT_to_Forti.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Static Routes configuration===
After setting up our IPsec instance and firewall, we will need to configure our static route accordingly. Navigate to '''Network → Static routes → and click on a Create new button.'''. For that we will need to create two static routes, one for blackhole and one for accessing our RUT device, configure everything as follows.
----
Make the following changes:
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Add_route_tunnel.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Destination - '''''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Interface - '''''Tunnel interface name (In this case it is Teltonika);'''''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
----
Then create a new static route for blackhole.
Make the following changes:
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_Add_route_to_blackhole.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Destination - '''''192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0;'''''
# Interface - '''''Blackhole;'''''
# Administrative distance - '''''254;'''''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
==RUT configuration==
Start by configuring the '''RUT''' device. Login to the WebUI, navigate to '''Services → VPN → IPsec and add a new IPsec instance.''' Configure everything as follows.
'''Note:''' ''Not specified fields can be left as is or changed according to your needs.''
===Instance configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# '''''Enable''''' instance;
# Authentication method - '''''Pre-shared key;'''''
# Pre-shared key - the '''''same password''''' you have '''''set on Fortinet''''' when configuring the '''''Fortinet IPsec instance;'''''
# Local identifier – '''''RUT LAN IP;'''''
# Remote identifier – '''''%any;'''''
[[File:Rut_IPsec_configuration_instance_site_to_site.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
===Connection general section configuration===
----
Make the following changes:
# Mode - '''''Start;'''''
# Type - '''''Tunnel;'''''
# Local subnet – '''''192.168.1.0/24;'''''
# Remote subnet – '''''192.168.5.0/24;'''''
# Key exchange - '''''IKEv2;'''''
[[File:Rut_IPsec_configuration_connection_general_site_to_site.png|border|class=tlt-border|686x482px|center]]
===Proposal configuration===
----
'''Note:''' ''This is only an example of a secure configuration. Other algorithms or even combinations of them could be used. However, we strongly recommend refraining from using older encryption and hashing algorithms unless support for certain legacy systems is required.''
Make the following changes:
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Networking_webui_manual_IPsec_configuration_proposal_phase1_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|671x336px|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Encryption - '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# DH group - '''''MODP4096;'''''
# IKE lifetime - '''86400s'''.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
----
<table class="nd-othertables_2">
<tr>
<th width=330; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;></th>
<th width=800; style="border-bottom: 1px solid white;" rowspan=2>[[File:Networking_webui_manual_IPsec_configuration_proposal_phase2_settings_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|644x331px|center]]</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: 4px solid white>
# Encryption - '''''AES256;'''''
# Authentication - '''''SHA512;'''''
# PFS group - '''''MODP4096;'''''
# Lifetime – '''''86400s;'''''
</td>
</tr>
</table>
==Testing the configuration==
----
If you have followed all the above steps, your configuration should be finished. But as with any other configuration, it is always wise to test the setup in order to make sure that it works properly.
Using the <code><span class="highlight">'''ipsec status'''</span></code> or we can use <code><span class="highlight">'''ipsec statusall'''</span></code> command for a more verbose output. With these commands we can see that the IPsec tunnel is successfully established on RUT router. The command output on a '''RUT''' device:
[[File:Networking_ssh_manual_IPsec_configuration_IPsec_statusall_test_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|971x135px|center]]
----
Also, we should be able to ping Fortigate device, we can check it out by executing this command via command line on RUT device: <code><span class="highlight" >'''ping 192.168.5.99'''</span></code>:
[[File:Networking_ssh_manual_IPsec_configuration_test_ping_v1.png|border|class=tlt-border|506x133px|center]]
----
To check if IPsec tunnel is working properly from '''Fortinet''', we can try pinging our '''RUT''' device by using this command in command line interface on Fortinet<code><span class="highlight" >'''exec ping 192.168.1.1'''</span></code>, if you are not able to ping '''RUT''' device, try changing the source interface from which we try pinging, by executing this command <code><span class="highlight" >'''exec ping-options source 192.168.5.99'''</span></code>:
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_test_ping.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
----
We can also check if IPsec tunnel is working properly from '''Fortinet''' WebUI, navigate to '''VPN → IPSec Tunnels''' and there you will see if the tunnel is working:
[[File:Fortinet_IPsec_WebUI_tunnel_status.png|border|class=tlt-border|center]]
==See also==
[https://wiki.teltonika-networks.com/view/RUTX12_VPN#IPsec IPsec on Teltonika Networks devices]
==External links==
[https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/vpn/strongswan/basics OpenWrt Ipsec basics]
[https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.4.2/administration-guide/762500/general-ipsec-vpn-configuration Fortinet Ipsec configuration]
