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Created page with "==Summary== A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or..."
==Summary==
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.
This chapter is an overview of RUTxxx routers' LAN section.
==Configuration==
===General Setup===
The General Setup tab provides you with the possibility to set the router's Private IP address, IP netmask and IP broadcast.
[[Image:Network lan configuration general.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''192.168.1.1'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address that the router uses on the LAN network
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP netmask
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''255.255.255.0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A mask used to define how “large" the LAN network is
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP broadcast
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP broadcasts are used by BOOTP and DHCP clients to find and send requests to their respective servers
|-
|}
===Advanced Settings===
LAN Configurations Advanced Settings tab contains some less frequently used, more complicated configurations, such as custom MTUs and network interface metric values.
[[Image:Network lan configuration advanced settings rut850.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Override MTU
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer [0..1500]; Default: '''1500'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) specifies the largest possible size of a data packet
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Use gateway metric
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer; Default: '''0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The LAN configuration generates an entry in the routing table. In this field you can alter the metric of that entry. Higher metric means higher priority
|-
|}
==DHCP Server==
DHCP server is the router side service that can automatically configure the TCP/IP settings of any device that requests such a service. If you connect a device that has been configured to obtain an IP address automatically the DHCP server will lease out an IP address from the available IP pool and the device will be able to communicate with the router.
===General===
[[Image:Network lan dhcp server general settings rut850.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | DHCP
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enable {{!}} Disable {{!}} DHCP Relay; Default: '''Enable'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enables or disables DHCP Server. If DHCP Relay is selected, you will be prompted to enter an IP address of another DHCP server in your LAN. In this case, Whenever a new device connects to the router, the router will redirect any DHCP requests to the specified DHCP Server
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Start
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer [1..253]; Default: '''100'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The starting IP address value. e.g., if your router’s LAN IP is 192.168.2.1 and your subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 that means that in your network a valid IP address has to be in the range of [192.168.2.1..192.168.2.254](192.168.2.0 and 192.168.2.255 are special unavailable addresses). If the Start value is set to 100 then the DHCP server will only lease out addresses starting from 192.168.2.100
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Limit
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer [1..4294967296]; Default: '''150'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | How many addresses the DHCP server can lease out. Continuing from the above example: if the start address is 192.168.2.100 and the server can lease out 150 (default sample value) addresses starting from 192.168.2.100 and ending in 192.168.2.249 (100 + 150 – 1 = 249; this is because the first address is inclusive)
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Lease time
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | time; Default: '''12h'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The duration of an IP lease. Leased out addresses will expire after the amount of time specified in this field and the device that was using the lease will have to send a new DHCP request to the router's DHCP server. However, if the device stays connected, its lease will be renewed after half of the specified amount of time passes, e.g., if the lease time is 12 hours, then every 6 hours the device will send a request to the router asking to renew its lease
Lease time can be set in '''hours''' or '''minutes'''. The minimal amount of time that can be specified is '''2min'''
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Use WAN DNS
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Automatically set's WAN DNS which advertises different DNS servers to clients. Reconnect the Wireless connection's to see the changes
|-
|}
===Advanced Settings===
You may also apply more complicated, less common configurations to your router's DHCP Server in the Advanced Settings tab. For example, you can apply virtually any custom DHCP configuration by typing in optional commands in the DHCP Options field.
[[Image:Network lan dhcpserver advanced.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Dynamic DHCP
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enables Dynamic allocation of client addresses. If this is disabled, only clients that have static IP leases will be served
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enable DNS rebind protection
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enables DNS rebind attack protection by discarding upstream RFC1918 responses (leave default unless necessary otherwise)
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Force
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The DHCP force function ensures that the router will always start it’s DHCP server, even if there is another DHCP server already running in the router’s network. By default the router’s DHCP server will not start when it is connected to a network segment that already has a working DHCP server
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP netmask
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''255.255.255.0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Overrides your LAN netmask thus making the DHCP server think that it’s serving a larger or smaller network than it actually is
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | DHCP Options
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | string; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Additional options to be added to the DHCP server. For example with '26,1470' or 'option:mtu, 1470' you can assign an MTU per DHCP. You can find more information on DHCP Options in the OpenWrt wiki's [https://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/dhcp/ DHCP section]
|-
|}
==Static Leases==
Static IP leases are used to reserve specific IP addresses for specific devices by binding them to their MAC address. This is useful when you have a stationary device connected to your network that you need to reach frequently, e.g., printer, fax, etc.
[[Image:Network lan staticleases.PNG]]
{|class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Hostname
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | string; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A custom name that will be linked with the device
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | MAC address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | mac; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Device’s MAC address
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The desirable IP address that will be reserved for the specified device
|-
|}
==IP Aliases==
IP Aliases are a way of defining or reaching a subnet that works in the same space as the regular network. This is useful if you need to reach the router that is located in the same network but in a different subnet. If you have a static IP configuration on your computer and don’t want to change it every time you need to reach a router in a different subnet, you can configure an IP alias in order to do so.
===General setup===
[[Image:Network lan ipaliases.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | An alternate IP address used to reach the router by a device(s) that resides in the router's LAN but has a different subnet
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Netmask
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''255.255.255.0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Netmask defines how "large" a network is
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Gateway
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A gateway is a network node that connects two networks using different protocols together
|-
|}
As you can see, the configuration is very similar to the static protocol; in the example above an IP address with a 99th subnet is defined. In this case, if some device has an IP in the 99th subnet (e.g., 192.168.99.xxx) and the subnet’s gateway metric is “higher” and the device is trying to reach the internet it will reroute it’s traffic not to the gateway that is defined in common configurations but through the one that is specified in IP aliases.
===Advanced Settings===
You may also define a broadcast address and a custom DNS server for your IP Aliases in the Advanced Settings tab.
[[Image:Network lan ipaliases advanced.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP Broadcast
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP broadcasts are used by BOOTP and DHCP clients to find and send requests to their respective servers
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | DNS
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A separate DNS server to be used by the IP Alias address
|-
|}
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits or Internet links. An even greater contrast is the Internet, which is a system of globally connected business and personal computers.
This chapter is an overview of RUTxxx routers' LAN section.
==Configuration==
===General Setup===
The General Setup tab provides you with the possibility to set the router's Private IP address, IP netmask and IP broadcast.
[[Image:Network lan configuration general.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''192.168.1.1'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address that the router uses on the LAN network
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP netmask
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''255.255.255.0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A mask used to define how “large" the LAN network is
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP broadcast
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP broadcasts are used by BOOTP and DHCP clients to find and send requests to their respective servers
|-
|}
===Advanced Settings===
LAN Configurations Advanced Settings tab contains some less frequently used, more complicated configurations, such as custom MTUs and network interface metric values.
[[Image:Network lan configuration advanced settings rut850.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Override MTU
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer [0..1500]; Default: '''1500'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) specifies the largest possible size of a data packet
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Use gateway metric
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer; Default: '''0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The LAN configuration generates an entry in the routing table. In this field you can alter the metric of that entry. Higher metric means higher priority
|-
|}
==DHCP Server==
DHCP server is the router side service that can automatically configure the TCP/IP settings of any device that requests such a service. If you connect a device that has been configured to obtain an IP address automatically the DHCP server will lease out an IP address from the available IP pool and the device will be able to communicate with the router.
===General===
[[Image:Network lan dhcp server general settings rut850.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | DHCP
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enable {{!}} Disable {{!}} DHCP Relay; Default: '''Enable'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enables or disables DHCP Server. If DHCP Relay is selected, you will be prompted to enter an IP address of another DHCP server in your LAN. In this case, Whenever a new device connects to the router, the router will redirect any DHCP requests to the specified DHCP Server
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Start
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer [1..253]; Default: '''100'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The starting IP address value. e.g., if your router’s LAN IP is 192.168.2.1 and your subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 that means that in your network a valid IP address has to be in the range of [192.168.2.1..192.168.2.254](192.168.2.0 and 192.168.2.255 are special unavailable addresses). If the Start value is set to 100 then the DHCP server will only lease out addresses starting from 192.168.2.100
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Limit
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | integer [1..4294967296]; Default: '''150'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | How many addresses the DHCP server can lease out. Continuing from the above example: if the start address is 192.168.2.100 and the server can lease out 150 (default sample value) addresses starting from 192.168.2.100 and ending in 192.168.2.249 (100 + 150 – 1 = 249; this is because the first address is inclusive)
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Lease time
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | time; Default: '''12h'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The duration of an IP lease. Leased out addresses will expire after the amount of time specified in this field and the device that was using the lease will have to send a new DHCP request to the router's DHCP server. However, if the device stays connected, its lease will be renewed after half of the specified amount of time passes, e.g., if the lease time is 12 hours, then every 6 hours the device will send a request to the router asking to renew its lease
Lease time can be set in '''hours''' or '''minutes'''. The minimal amount of time that can be specified is '''2min'''
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Use WAN DNS
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Automatically set's WAN DNS which advertises different DNS servers to clients. Reconnect the Wireless connection's to see the changes
|-
|}
===Advanced Settings===
You may also apply more complicated, less common configurations to your router's DHCP Server in the Advanced Settings tab. For example, you can apply virtually any custom DHCP configuration by typing in optional commands in the DHCP Options field.
[[Image:Network lan dhcpserver advanced.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Dynamic DHCP
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enables Dynamic allocation of client addresses. If this is disabled, only clients that have static IP leases will be served
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enable DNS rebind protection
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''yes'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Enables DNS rebind attack protection by discarding upstream RFC1918 responses (leave default unless necessary otherwise)
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Force
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | yes {{!}} no; Default: '''no'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The DHCP force function ensures that the router will always start it’s DHCP server, even if there is another DHCP server already running in the router’s network. By default the router’s DHCP server will not start when it is connected to a network segment that already has a working DHCP server
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP netmask
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''255.255.255.0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Overrides your LAN netmask thus making the DHCP server think that it’s serving a larger or smaller network than it actually is
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | DHCP Options
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | string; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Additional options to be added to the DHCP server. For example with '26,1470' or 'option:mtu, 1470' you can assign an MTU per DHCP. You can find more information on DHCP Options in the OpenWrt wiki's [https://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/uci/dhcp/ DHCP section]
|-
|}
==Static Leases==
Static IP leases are used to reserve specific IP addresses for specific devices by binding them to their MAC address. This is useful when you have a stationary device connected to your network that you need to reach frequently, e.g., printer, fax, etc.
[[Image:Network lan staticleases.PNG]]
{|class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Hostname
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | string; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A custom name that will be linked with the device
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | MAC address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | mac; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Device’s MAC address
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | The desirable IP address that will be reserved for the specified device
|-
|}
==IP Aliases==
IP Aliases are a way of defining or reaching a subnet that works in the same space as the regular network. This is useful if you need to reach the router that is located in the same network but in a different subnet. If you have a static IP configuration on your computer and don’t want to change it every time you need to reach a router in a different subnet, you can configure an IP alias in order to do so.
===General setup===
[[Image:Network lan ipaliases.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP address
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | An alternate IP address used to reach the router by a device(s) that resides in the router's LAN but has a different subnet
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Netmask
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: '''255.255.255.0'''
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Netmask defines how "large" a network is
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | Gateway
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A gateway is a network node that connects two networks using different protocols together
|-
|}
As you can see, the configuration is very similar to the static protocol; in the example above an IP address with a 99th subnet is defined. In this case, if some device has an IP in the 99th subnet (e.g., 192.168.99.xxx) and the subnet’s gateway metric is “higher” and the device is trying to reach the internet it will reroute it’s traffic not to the gateway that is defined in common configurations but through the one that is specified in IP aliases.
===Advanced Settings===
You may also define a broadcast address and a custom DNS server for your IP Aliases in the Advanced Settings tab.
[[Image:Network lan ipaliases advanced.PNG]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Field name
! style="width: 250px; background: black; color: white;" | Value
! style="width: 1200px; background: black; color: white;" | Description
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP Broadcast
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | IP broadcasts are used by BOOTP and DHCP clients to find and send requests to their respective servers
|-
! style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | DNS
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | ip; Default: " "
| style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;" | A separate DNS server to be used by the IP Alias address
|-
|}
