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In computing, '''Internet Protocol Security''' ('''IPsec''') is a secure network protocol suite of IPv4 that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data sent over an IPv4 network. IPsec includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to use during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host). Internet Protocol security (IPsec) uses cryptographic security services to protect communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IPsec supports network-level peer authentication, data-origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and replay protection.

In computing, '''Internet Protocol Security''' ('''IPsec''') is a secure network protocol suite of IPv4 that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data sent over an IPv4 network. IPsec includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to use during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host). Internet Protocol security (IPsec) uses cryptographic security services to protect communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IPsec supports network-level peer authentication, data-origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and replay protection.

This article provides an extensive configuration example with details on how to create a tunnel connection between two IPsec instances, both of which configured on RUTxxx routers.

This article provides an extensive configuration example with details on how to create a tunnel connection between two IPsec instances, both of which are configured on RUTxxx routers.

==Configuration overview and prerequisites==

==Configuration overview and prerequisites==

Before we begin, let's overview the configuration that we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.

Before we begin, let's overview the configuration that we are attempting to achieve and the prerequisites that make it possible.

It should also be noted the connection type used is '''Tunnel''' and not '''Transport'''. Tunnel protects the internal routing information by encrypting the IP header of the original packet. The original packet is encapsulated by a another set of IP headers. Transport encrypts only the payload and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) trailer; so the IP header of the original packet is not encrypted. Transport mode is usually used when another tunneling protocol (such as [[VPN#GRE_Tunnel|GRE]], [[VPN#L2TP|L2TP]]) is used to first encapsulate the IP data packet, then IPsec is used to protect the GRE/L2TP tunnel packets.

 

It should also be noted that the connection type used is '''Tunnel''' and not '''Transport'''. Tunnel protects the internal routing information by encrypting the IP header of the original packet. The original packet is encapsulated by a another set of IP headers. Transport encrypts only the payload and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) trailer; so the IP header of the original packet is not encrypted. Transport mode is usually used when another tunneling protocol (such as [[VPN#GRE_Tunnel|GRE]], [[VPN#L2TP|L2TP]]) is used to first encapsulate the IP data packet, then IPsec is used to protect the GRE/L2TP tunnel packets.

Tunnel is more widely implemented in site-to-site VPN scenarios and supports NAT traversal. For instructions on how to configure Transport mode, you may want to check out our '''[[L2TP over IPsec]]''' article.

Tunnel is more widely implemented in site-to-site VPN scenarios and supports NAT traversal. For instructions on how to configure Transport mode, you may want to check out our '''[[L2TP over IPsec]]''' article.

If you have familiarized yourself with the configuration schemes and have all of the devices in order, we can start configuring the routers using instructions provided in this section.

If you have familiarized yourself with the configuration schemes and have all of the devices in order, we can start configuring the routers using instructions provided in this section.

=== RUTX11===

=== RUTX11===

----First of, lets configure the VPN IPsec instance from RUTX11's side:

----First of all, lets configure the VPN IPsec instance from RUTX11's side:

*Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''Services → VPN → IPsec'''. Enter a custom name (for this example we use ''test'') for the IPsec instance click the "Add" button:

*Login to the router's WebUI and go to '''Services → VPN → IPsec'''. Enter a custom name (for this example we use ''test'') for the IPsec instance click the "Add" button:

[[File:IPsec RUTOS RUTX11 Instance.png|alt=|993x993px|border|class=tlt-border]]

[[File:IPsec RUTOS RUTX11 Instance.png|alt=|993x993px|border|class=tlt-border]]

After Clicking on “Save & Apply” for both the routers we can try pinging the remote LAN IP to see if its reachable. Also using the command “ipsec status” in CLI will show the status of the IPsec Connection.

After Clicking on “Save & Apply” for both the routers we can try pinging the remote LAN IP to see if its reachable. Also using the command “ipsec status” in CLI will show the status of the IPsec Connection.

==Testing the setup==

==Testing the setup==

If you've followed all the steps presented above, your configuration should be finished. But as with any other configuration, it is always wise to test the setup in order to make sure that it works properly. To test an IPsec connection, you could use the command “ipsec status” in CLI. It will show the status of the IPsec Connection similar to the ones shown bellow. You can also '''ping''' the opposite instance's VPN IP address. To use a ping command, type '''ping <ip_address>''' and press the "Enter" key on your keyboard:

If you've followed all the steps presented above, your configuration should be finished. But as with any other configuration, it is always wise to test the setup in order to make sure that it works properly. To test an IPsec connection, you could use the command “ipsec status” in CLI. It will show the status of the IPsec Connection similar to the ones shown below. You can also '''ping''' the opposite instance's VPN IP address. To use a ping command, type '''ping <ip_address>''' and press the "Enter" key on your keyboard:

[[File:IPsec RUTX11 result.png|alt=|903x903px|border|class=tlt-border]]

[[File:IPsec RUTX11 result 2.png|alt=|border|902x902px]]

[[File:IPsec RUT955 result.png|left|903x903px|class=tlt-border|alt=]]

[[File:IPsec RUT955 result 2.png|alt=|left|903x903px]]